Vincitori del premio Nobel
I Premi Nobel sono premi assegnati ogni anno, con alcune eccezioni, a individui o organizzazioni (Premio Nobel per la pace), sotto l'autorità della Fondazione Nobel dalla Accademia reale svedese delle scienze (fisica e chimica), l'Accademia svedese (letteratura), l'Istituto Karolinska (fisiologia o medicina) e il Comitato Nobel Parlamento norvegese (pace). Sono stati creati per volontà di Alfred Nobel nel 1895, in cui si afferma che i premi devono essere amministrati dalla Fondazione Nobel. Il Premio Nobel per l'economia è stato creato nel 1968 dalla Sveriges Riksbank, la banca centrale della Svezia, in accordo con la Fondazione Nobel, per contribuire al campo economico.
Ogni nuovo destinatario, o “vincitore”, viene designato all'inizio di ottobre dalla Fondazione Nobel. Riceve il 10 dicembre a Stoccolma in Svezia, una medaglia d'oro, un diploma e una somma di denaro.
Questo articolo elenca i destinatari del Premio Nobel[1]:
Elenco dei destinatari
Anno | Fisica | Chimica | Medicina | Letteratura | Pace | Economia |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1901 | Röntgen, Wilhelm Wilhelm Röntgen | Hoff, Jacobus Henricus van 't Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff | von Behring, Emil Adolf Emil Adolf von Behring | Prudhomme, Sully Sully Prudhomme | Dunant, Henri Henri Dunant ; Passy, Frédéric Frédéric Passy | — |
1902 | Lorentz, Hendrik Hendrik Lorentz ; Zeeman, Pieter Pieter Zeeman | Fischer, Emil Emil Fischer | Ross, Ronald Ronald Ross | Mommsen, Theodor Theodor Mommsen | Ducommun, Élie Élie Ducommun ; Gobat, Albert Albert Gobat | — |
1903 | Becquerel, Henri Henri Becquerel ; Curie, Pierre Pierre Curie ; Curie, Marie Marie Curie | Arrhenius, Svante Svante Arrhenius | Finsen, Niels Ryberg Niels Ryberg Finsen | Bjørnson, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson | Cremer, William Randal William Randal Cremer | — |
1904 | Rayleigh, Lord Lord Rayleigh | Ramsay, William William Ramsay | Pavlov, Ivan Ivan Pavlov | Mistral, Frédéric Frédéric Mistral ; Echegaray, José José Echegaray | Istituto di diritto internazionale | — |
1905 | Lenard, Philipp Philipp Lenard | Baeyer, Adolf von Adolf von Baeyer | Koch, Robert Robert Koch | Sienkiewicz, Henryk Henryk Sienkiewicz | Suttner, Bertha von Bertha von Suttner | — |
1906 | Thomson, Joseph John Joseph John Thomson | Moissan, Henri Henri Moissan | Golgi, Camillo Camillo Golgi ; Ramón y Cajal, Santiago Santiago Ramón y Cajal | Carducci, Giosuè Giosuè Carducci | Roosevelt, Theodore Theodore Roosevelt | — |
1907 | Michelson, Albert Abraham Albert Abraham Michelson | Buchner, Eduard Eduard Buchner | Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran | Kipling, Rudyard Rudyard Kipling | Moneta, Ernesto Teodoro Ernesto Teodoro Moneta ; Renault, Louis Louis Renault | — |
1908 | Lippmann, Gabriel Gabriel Lippmann | Rutherford, Ernest Ernest Rutherford | Metchnikoff, Élie Élie Metchnikoff ; Ehrlich, Paul Paul Ehrlich | Eucken, Rudolf Christoph Rudolf Christoph Eucken | Arnoldson, Klas Pontus Klas Pontus Arnoldson ; Bajer, Fredrik Fredrik Bajer | — |
1909 | Braun, Karl Ferdinand Karl Ferdinand Braun ; Marconi, Guglielmo Guglielmo Marconi | Ostwald, Wilhelm Wilhelm Ostwald | Kocher, Emil Theodor Emil Theodor Kocher | Lagerlöf, Selma Selma Lagerlöf | Beernaert, Auguste Marie François Auguste Marie François Beernaert ; d'Estournelles de Constant, Paul-Henri-Benjamin Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant | — |
1910 | Waals, Johannes Diderik van der Johannes Diderik van der Waals | Wallach, Otto Otto Wallach | Kossel, Albrecht Albrecht Kossel | Heyse, Paul Paul Heyse | Bureau international permanent de la paix | — |
1911 | Wien, Wilhelm Wilhelm Wien | Curie, Marie Marie Curie | Gullstrand, Allvar Allvar Gullstrand | Maeterlinck, Maurice Maurice Maeterlinck | Asser, Tobias Tobias Asser ; Fried, Alfred Hermann Alfred Hermann Fried | — |
1912 | Dalén, Gustaf Gustaf Dalén | Grignard, Victor Victor Grignard ; Sabatier, Paul Paul Sabatier | Carrel, Alexis Alexis Carrel | Hauptmann, Gerhart Gerhart Hauptmann | Root, Elihu Elihu Root | — |
1913 | Kamerlingh Onnes, Heike Heike Kamerlingh Onnes | Werner, Alfred Alfred Werner | Richet, Charles Charles Richet | Tagore, Rabindranath Rabindranath Tagore | La Fontaine, Henri Henri La Fontaine | — |
1914 | von Laue, Max Max von Laue | Richards, Theodore William Theodore William Richards | Bárány, Robert Robert Bárány | - | - | — |
1915 | Bragg, William Henry William Henry Bragg ; Bragg, William Lawrence William Lawrence Bragg | Willstätter, Richard Richard Willstätter | - | Rolland, Romain Romain Rolland | - | — |
1916 | - | - | - | Heidenstam, Verner von Verner von Heidenstam | - | — |
1917 | Barkla, Charles Glover Charles Glover Barkla | - | - | Gjellerup, Karl Adolph Karl Adolph Gjellerup ; Pontoppidan, Henrik Henrik Pontoppidan | Comitato internazionale della Croce Rossa | — |
1918 | Planck, Max Max Planck | Haber, Fritz Fritz Haber | - | - | - | — |
1919 | Stark, Johannes Johannes Stark | - | Bordet, Jules Jules Bordet | Spitteler, Carl Carl Spitteler | Wilson, Woodrow Woodrow Wilson | — |
1920 | Guillaume, Charles Edouard Charles Edouard Guillaume | Nernst, Walther Walther Nernst | Krogh, August August Krogh | Hamsun, Knut Knut Hamsun | Bourgeois, Léon Léon Bourgeois | — |
1921 | Einstein, Albert Albert Einstein | Soddy, Frederick Frederick Soddy | - | France, Anatole Anatole France | Branting, Hjalmar Hjalmar Branting ; Lange, Christian Lous Christian Lous Lange | — |
1922 | Bohr, Niels Niels Bohr | Aston, Francis William Francis William Aston | Hill, Archibald Archibald Hill ; Meyerhof, Otto Fritz Otto Fritz Meyerhof | Benavente, Jacinto Jacinto Benavente | Nansen, Fridtjof Fridtjof Nansen | — |
1923 | Millikan, Robert Andrews Robert Andrews Millikan | Pregl, Fritz Fritz Pregl | Banting, Frederick Frederick Banting ; Macleod, John James Rickard John James Rickard Macleod | Yeats, W. B. W. B. Yeats | - | — |
1924 | Siegbahn, Manne Manne Siegbahn | - | Einthoven, Willem Willem Einthoven | Reymont, Władysław Władysław Reymont | - | — |
1925 | Franck, James James Franck ; Hertz, Gustav Ludwig Gustav Ludwig Hertz | Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf Richard Adolf Zsigmondy | - | Shaw, George Bernard George Bernard Shaw | Chamberlain, Austen Austen Chamberlain ; Dawes, Charles G. Charles G. Dawes | — |
1926 | Perrin, Jean Baptiste Jean Baptiste Perrin | Svedberg, Theodor Theodor Svedberg | Fibiger, Johannes Johannes Fibiger | Deledda, Grazia Grazia Deledda | Briand, Aristide Aristide Briand ; Stresemann, Gustav Gustav Stresemann | — |
1927 | Compton, Arthur Arthur Compton ; Wilson, Charles Thomson Rees Charles Thomson Rees Wilson | Wieland, Heinrich Otto Heinrich Otto Wieland | Wagner-Jauregg, Julius Julius Wagner-Jauregg | Bergson, Henri Henri Bergson | Buisson, Ferdinand Ferdinand Buisson ; Quidde, Ludwig Ludwig Quidde | — |
1928 | Richardson, Owen Willans Owen Willans Richardson | Windaus, Adolf Otto Reinhold Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus | Nicolle, Charles Charles Nicolle | Undset, Sigrid Sigrid Undset | - | — |
1929 | Broglie, Louis de Louis de Broglie | Harden, Arthur Arthur Harden ; von Euler-Chelpin, Hans Hans von Euler-Chelpin | Eijkman, Christiaan Christiaan Eijkman ; Hopkins, Frederick Gowland Frederick Gowland Hopkins | Mann, Thomas Thomas Mann | Kellogg, Frank B. Frank B. Kellogg | — |
1930 | Raman, C. V. C. V. Raman | Fischer, Hans Hans Fischer | Landsteiner, Karl Karl Landsteiner | Lewis, Sinclair Sinclair Lewis | Söderblom, Nathan Nathan Söderblom | — |
1931 | - | Bosch, Carl Carl Bosch ; Bergius, Friedrich Friedrich Bergius | Warburg, Otto Heinrich Otto Heinrich Warburg | Karlfeldt, Erik Axel Erik Axel Karlfeldt | Addams, Jane Jane Addams ; Butler, Nicholas Murray Nicholas Murray Butler | — |
1932 | Heisenberg, Werner Werner Heisenberg | Langmuir, Irving Irving Langmuir | Sherrington, Charles Scott Charles Scott Sherrington ; Adrian, Edgar Edgar Adrian | Galsworthy, John John Galsworthy | - | — |
1933 | Schrödinger, Erwin Erwin Schrödinger ; Dirac, Paul Paul Dirac | - | Morgan, Thomas Hunt Thomas Hunt Morgan | Bunin, Ivan Ivan Bunin | Angell, Norman Norman Angell | — |
1934 | - | Urey, Harold Harold Urey | Whipple, George George Whipple ; Minot, George George Minot ; Murphy, William William Murphy | Pirandello, Luigi Luigi Pirandello | Henderson, Arthur Arthur Henderson | — |
1935 | Chadwick, James James Chadwick | Joliot-Curie, Frédéric Frédéric Joliot-Curie ; Joliot-Curie, Irène Irène Joliot-Curie | Spemann, Hans Hans Spemann | - | von Ossietzky, Carl Carl von Ossietzky | — |
1936 | Hess, Victor Franz Victor Franz Hess ; Anderson, Carl David Carl David Anderson | Debye, Peter Peter Debye | Dale, Henry Hallett Henry Hallett Dale ; Loewi, Otto Otto Loewi | O'Neill, Eugene Eugene O'Neill | Lamas, Carlos Saavedra Carlos Saavedra Lamas | — |
1937 | Davisson, Clinton Clinton Davisson ; Thomson, George Paget George Paget Thomson | Haworth, Norman Norman Haworth ; Karrer, Paul Paul Karrer | Szent-Györgyi, Albert Albert Szent-Györgyi | du Gard, Roger Martin Roger Martin du Gard | Cecil, Robert Robert Cecil | — |
1938 | Fermi, Enrico Enrico Fermi | Kuhn, Richard Richard KuhnTemplate:Ref label | Heymans, Corneille Corneille Heymans | Buck, Pearl S. Pearl S. Buck | Ufficio internazionale Nansen per i rifugiati | — |
1939 | Lawrence, Ernest Ernest Lawrence | Butenandt, Adolf Adolf Butenandt ;Template:Ref label Ružička, Lavoslav Lavoslav Ružička | Domagk, Gerhard Gerhard DomagkTemplate:Ref label | Sillanpää, Frans Eemil Frans Eemil Sillanpää | - | — |
1940 | - | - | - | - | - | — |
1941 | - | - | - | - | - | — |
1942 | - | - | - | - | - | — |
1943 | Stern, Otto Otto Stern | Hevesy, George de George de Hevesy | Dam, Henrik Henrik Dam ; Doisy, Edward Adelbert Edward Adelbert Doisy | - | - | — |
1944 | Rabi, Isidor Isaac Isidor Isaac Rabi | Hahn, Otto Otto Hahn | Erlanger, Joseph Joseph Erlanger ; Gasser, Herbert Spencer Herbert Spencer Gasser | Jensen, Johannes Vilhelm Johannes Vilhelm Jensen | Comitato internazionale della Croce Rossa | — |
1945 | Pauli, Wolfgang Wolfgang Pauli | Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari Artturi Ilmari Virtanen | Fleming, Alexander Alexander Fleming ; Chain, Ernst Boris Ernst Boris Chain ; Florey, Howard Howard Florey | Mistral, Gabriela Gabriela Mistral | Hull, Cordell Cordell Hull | — |
1946 | Bridgman, Percy Williams Percy Williams Bridgman | Sumner, James Batcheller James Batcheller Sumner ; Northrop, John Howard John Howard Northrop ; Stanley, Wendell Meredith Wendell Meredith Stanley | Muller, Hermann Joseph Hermann Joseph Muller | Hesse, Hermann Hermann Hesse | Balch, Emily Greene Emily Greene Balch ; Mott, John John Mott | — |
1947 | Appleton, Edward Victor Edward Victor Appleton | Robinson, Robert Robert Robinson | Cori, Carl Ferdinand Carl Ferdinand Cori ; Cori, Gerty Gerty Cori ; Houssay, Bernardo Bernardo Houssay | Gide, André André Gide | Friends Service Council ; American Friends Service Committee | — |
1948 | Blackett, Patrick Patrick Blackett | Tiselius, Arne Arne Tiselius | Müller, Paul Hermann Paul Hermann Müller | Eliot, T. S. T. S. Eliot | -Template:Ref label | — |
1949 | Yukawa, Hideki Hideki Yukawa | Giauque, William William Giauque | Hess, Walter Rudolf Walter Rudolf Hess ; Moniz, António Egas António Egas Moniz | Faulkner, William William Faulkner | Boyd Orr, John John Boyd Orr | — |
1950 | Powell, Cecil Frank Cecil Frank Powell | Diels, Otto Paul Hermann Otto Paul Hermann Diels ; Alder, Kurt Kurt Alder | Hench, Philip Showalter Philip Showalter Hench ; Kendall, Edward Calvin Edward Calvin Kendall ; Reichstein, Tadeusz Tadeusz Reichstein | Russell, Bertrand Bertrand Russell | Bunche, Ralph Ralph Bunche | — |
1951 | Cockcroft, John John Cockcroft ; Walton, Ernest Ernest Walton | McMillan, Edwin Edwin McMillan ; Seaborg, Glenn T. Glenn T. Seaborg | Theiler, Max Max Theiler | Lagerkvist, Pär Pär Lagerkvist | Jouhaux, Léon Léon Jouhaux | — |
1952 | Bloch, Felix Felix Bloch ; Purcell, Edward Mills Edward Mills Purcell | Martin, Archer John Porter Archer John Porter Martin ; Synge, Richard Laurence Millington Richard Laurence Millington Synge | Waksman, Selman Selman Waksman | Mauriac, François François Mauriac | Schweitzer, Albert Albert Schweitzer | — |
1953 | Zernike, Frederik Frederik Zernike | Staudinger, Hermann Hermann Staudinger | Krebs, Hans Adolf Hans Adolf Krebs ; Lipmann, Fritz Albert Fritz Albert Lipmann | Churchill, Winston Winston Churchill | Marshall, George George Marshall | — |
1954 | Born, Max Max Born ; Bothe, Walther Walther Bothe | Pauling, Linus Linus Pauling | Enders, John Franklin John Franklin Enders ; Robbins, Frederick Chapman Frederick Chapman Robbins ; Weller, Thomas Huckle Thomas Huckle Weller | Hemingway, Ernest Ernest Hemingway | Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati | — |
1955 | Lamb, Willis Willis Lamb ; Kusch, Polykarp Polykarp Kusch | du Vigneaud, Vincent Vincent du Vigneaud | Theorell, Hugo Hugo Theorell | Laxness, Halldór Halldór Laxness | - | — |
1956 | Bardeen, John John Bardeen ; Brattain, Walter Houser Walter Houser Brattain ; Shockley, William William Shockley | Hinshelwood, Cyril Norman Cyril Norman Hinshelwood ; Semënov, Nikolaj Nikolaj Semënov | Cournand, André Frédéric André Frédéric Cournand ; Forssmann, Werner Werner Forssmann ; Richards, Dickinson W. Dickinson W. Richards | Jiménez, Juan Ramón Juan Ramón Jiménez | - | — |
1957 | Yang, Chen Ning Chen Ning Yang ; Lee, Tsung-Dao Tsung-Dao Lee | Todd, Alexander Robert Alexander Robert Todd | Bovet, Daniel Daniel Bovet | Camus, Albert Albert Camus | Pearson, Lester B. Lester B. Pearson | — |
1958 | Čerenkov, Pavel Pavel Čerenkov ; Frank, Il'ja Il'ja Frank ; Tamm, Igor' Igor' Tamm | Sanger, Frederick Frederick Sanger | Beadle, George Wells George Wells Beadle ; Tatum, Edward Lawrie Edward Lawrie Tatum ; Lederberg, Joshua Joshua Lederberg | Pasternak, Boris Boris PasternakTemplate:Ref label | Pire, Dominique Dominique Pire | — |
1959 | Segrè, Emilio Emilio Segrè ; Chamberlain, Owen Owen Chamberlain | Heyrovský, Jaroslav Jaroslav Heyrovský | Kornberg, Arthur Arthur Kornberg ; Ochoa, Severo Severo Ochoa | Quasimodo, Salvatore Salvatore Quasimodo | Noel-Baker, Philip Philip Noel-Baker | — |
1960 | Glaser, Donald A. Donald A. Glaser | Libby, Willard Willard Libby | Burnet, Frank Macfarlane Frank Macfarlane Burnet ; Medawar, Peter Peter Medawar | Perse, Saint-John Saint-John Perse | Lutuli, Albert Albert Lutuli | — |
1961 | Hofstadter, Robert Robert Hofstadter ; Mössbauer, Rudolf Rudolf Mössbauer | Calvin, Melvin Melvin Calvin | von Békésy, Georg Georg von Békésy | Andrić, Ivo Ivo Andrić | Hammarskjöld, Dag Dag Hammarskjöld | — |
1962 | Landau, Lev Lev Landau | Perutz, Max Max Perutz ; Kendrew, John John Kendrew | Crick, Francis Francis Crick ; Watson, James D. James D. Watson ; Wilkins, Maurice Maurice Wilkins | Steinbeck, John John Steinbeck | Pauling, Linus Linus Pauling | — |
1963 | Wigner, Eugene Eugene Wigner ; Goeppert-Mayer, Maria Maria Goeppert-Mayer ; Jensen, J. Hans D. J. Hans D. Jensen | Ziegler, Karl Karl Ziegler ; Natta, Giulio Giulio Natta | Eccles, John Carew John Carew Eccles ; Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd Alan Lloyd Hodgkin ; Huxley, Andrew Andrew Huxley | Seferis, Giorgos Giorgos Seferis | Comitato internazionale della Croce Rossa ; Federazione internazionale delle società di Croce Rossa e Mezzaluna Rossa | — |
1964 | Townes, Charles Hard Charles Hard Townes ; Basov, Nikolaj Nikolaj Basov ; Prochorov, Aleksandr Michajlovič Aleksandr Michajlovič Prochorov | Hodgkin, Dorothy Dorothy Hodgkin | Bloch, Konrad Emil Konrad Emil Bloch ; Lynen, Feodor Felix Konrad Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen | Sartre, Jean-Paul Jean-Paul SartreTemplate:Ref label | King, Martin Luther Martin Luther King | — |
1965 | Tomonaga, Sin-Itiro Sin-Itiro Tomonaga ; Schwinger, Julian Julian Schwinger ; Feynman, Richard Richard Feynman | Woodward, Robert Burns Robert Burns Woodward | Jacob, François François Jacob ; Lwoff, André Michel André Michel Lwoff ; Monod, Jacques Jacques Monod | Šolochov, Michail Michail Šolochov | Fondo delle Nazioni Unite per l'infanzia | — |
1966 | Kastler, Alfred Alfred Kastler | Mulliken, Robert S. Robert S. Mulliken | Rous, Francis Peyton Francis Peyton Rous ; Huggins, Charles Brenton Charles Brenton Huggins | Agnon, Shmuel Yosef Shmuel Yosef Agnon ; Sachs, Nelly Nelly Sachs | - | — |
1967 | Bethe, Hans Hans Bethe | Eigen, Manfred Manfred Eigen ; Norrish, Ronald George Wreyford Ronald George Wreyford Norrish ; Porter, George George Porter | Granit, Ragnar Ragnar Granit ; Hartline, Haldan Keffer Haldan Keffer Hartline ; Wald, George George Wald | Asturias, Miguel Ángel Miguel Ángel Asturias | - | — |
1968 | Alvarez, Luis Walter Luis Walter Alvarez | Onsager, Lars Lars Onsager | Holley, Robert W. Robert W. Holley ; Khorana, Har Gobind Har Gobind Khorana ; Nirenberg, Marshall Warren Marshall Warren Nirenberg | Kawabata, Yasunari Yasunari Kawabata | Cassin, René René Cassin | — |
1969 | Gell-Mann, Murray Murray Gell-Mann | Barton, Derek Derek Barton ; Hassel, Odd Odd Hassel | Delbrück, Max Max Delbrück ; Hershey, Alfred Alfred Hershey ; Luria, Salvador Salvador Luria | Beckett, Samuel Samuel Beckett | Organizzazione internazionale del lavoro | Frisch, Ragnar Ragnar Frisch ; Tinbergen, Jan Jan Tinbergen |
1970 | Alfvén, Hannes Hannes Alfvén ; Néel, Louis Louis Néel | Leloir, Luis Federico Luis Federico Leloir | Axelrod, Julius Julius Axelrod ; von Euler, Ulf Ulf von Euler ; Katz, Bernard Bernard Katz | Solženicyn, Aleksandr Aleksandr Solženicyn | Borlaug, Norman Norman Borlaug | Samuelson, Paul Paul Samuelson |
1971 | Gabor, Dennis Dennis Gabor | Herzberg, Gerhard Gerhard Herzberg | Sutherland, Jr., Earl Wilbur Earl Wilbur Sutherland, Jr. | Neruda, Pablo Pablo Neruda | Brandt, Willy Willy Brandt | Kuznets, Simon Simon Kuznets |
1972 | Bardeen, John John Bardeen ; Cooper, Leon Leon Cooper ; Schrieffer, John Robert John Robert Schrieffer | Anfinsen, Christian B. Christian B. Anfinsen ; Moore, Stanford Stanford Moore ; Stein, William Howard William Howard Stein | Edelman, Gerald Gerald Edelman ; Porter, Rodney Robert Rodney Robert Porter | Böll, Heinrich Heinrich Böll | - | Hicks, John John Hicks ; Arrow, Kenneth Kenneth Arrow |
1973 | Esaki, Leo Leo Esaki ; Giaever, Ivar Ivar Giaever ; Josephson, Brian David Brian David Josephson | Fischer, Ernst Otto Ernst Otto Fischer ; Wilkinson, Geoffrey Geoffrey Wilkinson | von Frisch, Karl Karl von Frisch ; Lorenz, Konrad Konrad Lorenz ; Tinbergen, Nikolaas Nikolaas Tinbergen | White, Patrick Patrick White | Kissinger, Henry Henry Kissinger ; Đức Thọ, Lê Lê Đức ThọTemplate:Ref label | Leontief, Wassily Wassily Leontief |
1974 | Ryle, Martin Martin Ryle ; Hewish, Antony Antony Hewish | Flory, Paul Paul Flory | Claude, Albert Albert Claude ; de Duve, Christian Christian de Duve ; Palade, George Emil George Emil Palade | Johnson, Eyvind Eyvind Johnson ; Martinson, Harry Harry Martinson | MacBride, Seán Seán MacBride ; Satō, Eisaku Eisaku Satō | Myrdal, Gunnar Gunnar Myrdal ; Hayek, Friedrich Friedrich Hayek |
1975 | Bohr, Aage Aage Bohr ; Mottelson, Ben Roy Ben Roy Mottelson ; Rainwater, James James Rainwater | Cornforth, John John Cornforth ; Prelog, Vladimir Vladimir Prelog | Baltimore, David David Baltimore ; Dulbecco, Renato Renato Dulbecco ; Temin, Howard Martin Howard Martin Temin | Montale, Eugenio Eugenio Montale | Sacharov, Andrej Andrej Sacharov | Kantorovič, Leonid Leonid Kantorovič ; Koopmans, Tjalling Tjalling Koopmans |
1976 | Richter, Burton Burton Richter ; Ting, Samuel C. C. Samuel C. C. Ting | Lipscomb, William William Lipscomb | Blumberg, Baruch Samuel Baruch Samuel Blumberg ; Gajdusek, Daniel Carleton Daniel Carleton Gajdusek | Bellow, Saul Saul Bellow | Williams, Betty Betty Williams ; Maguire, Mairead Mairead Maguire | Friedman, Milton Milton Friedman |
1977 | Anderson, Philip Warren Philip Warren Anderson ; Mott, Nevill Francis Nevill Francis Mott ; van Vleck, John Hasbrouck John Hasbrouck van Vleck | Prigogine, Ilya Ilya Prigogine | Guillemin, Roger Roger Guillemin ; Schally, Andrew Andrew Schally ; Yalow, Rosalyn Sussman Rosalyn Sussman Yalow | Aleixandre, Vicente Vicente Aleixandre | Amnesty International | Ohlin, Bertil Bertil Ohlin ; Meade, James James Meade |
1978 | Kapica, Pëtr Pëtr Kapica ; Penzias, Arno Allan Arno Allan Penzias ; Wilson, Robert Woodrow Robert Woodrow Wilson | Mitchell, Peter D. Peter D. Mitchell | Arber, Werner Werner Arber ; Nathans, Daniel Daniel Nathans ; Smith, Hamilton O. Hamilton O. Smith | Singer, Isaac Bashevis Isaac Bashevis Singer | Sadat, Anwar Anwar Sadat ; Begin, Menachem Menachem Begin | Simon, Herbert A. Herbert A. Simon |
1979 | Glashow, Sheldon Lee Sheldon Lee Glashow ; Salam, Abdus Abdus Salam ; Weinberg, Steven Steven Weinberg | Brown, Herbert C. Herbert C. Brown ; Wittig, Georg Georg Wittig | Cormack, Allan McLeod Allan McLeod Cormack ; Hounsfield, Godfrey Godfrey Hounsfield | Elytis, Odysseas Odysseas Elytis | Teresa, Madre Madre Teresa | Schultz, Theodore Theodore Schultz ; Lewis, Arthur Arthur Lewis |
1980 | Cronin, James James Cronin ; Fitch, Val Logsdon Val Logsdon Fitch | Berg, Paul Paul Berg ; Gilbert, Walter Walter Gilbert ; Sanger, Frederick Frederick Sanger | Benacerraf, Baruj Baruj Benacerraf ; Dausset, Jean Jean Dausset ; Snell, George Davis George Davis Snell | Miłosz, Czesław Czesław Miłosz | Esquivel, Adolfo Pérez Adolfo Pérez Esquivel | Klein, Lawrence Lawrence Klein |
1981 | Bloembergen, Nicolaas Nicolaas Bloembergen ; Schawlow, Arthur Leonard Arthur Leonard Schawlow ; Siegbahn, Kai Kai Siegbahn | Fukui, Kenichi Kenichi Fukui ; Hoffmann, Roald Roald Hoffmann | Sperry, Roger Wolcott Roger Wolcott Sperry ; Hubel, David H. David H. Hubel ; Wiesel, Torsten Torsten Wiesel | Canetti, Elias Elias Canetti | Alto commissariato delle Nazioni Unite per i rifugiati | Tobin, James James Tobin |
1982 | Wilson, Kenneth G. Kenneth G. Wilson | Klug, Aaron Aaron Klug | Bergström, Sune Sune Bergström ; Samuelsson, Bengt I. Bengt I. Samuelsson ; Vane, John John Vane | Márquez, Gabriel García Gabriel García Márquez | Myrdal, Alva Alva Myrdal ; Robles, Alfonso García Alfonso García Robles | Stigler, George George Stigler |
1983 | Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar ; Fowler, William Alfred William Alfred Fowler | Taube, Henry Henry Taube | McClintock, Barbara Barbara McClintock | Golding, William William Golding | Wałęsa, Lech Lech Wałęsa | Debreu, Gérard Gérard Debreu |
1984 | Rubbia, Carlo Carlo Rubbia ; van der Meer, Simon Simon van der Meer | Merrifield, Robert Bruce Robert Bruce Merrifield | Jerne, Niels Kaj Niels Kaj Jerne ; Köhler, Georges J. F. Georges J. F. Köhler ; Milstein, César César Milstein | Seifert, Jaroslav Jaroslav Seifert | Tutu, Desmond Desmond Tutu | Stone, Richard Richard Stone |
1985 | von Klitzing, Klaus Klaus von Klitzing | Hauptman, Herbert A. Herbert A. Hauptman ; Karle, Jerome Jerome Karle | Brown, Michael Stuart Michael Stuart Brown ; Goldstein, Joseph L. Joseph L. Goldstein | Simon, Claude Claude Simon | Association internationale des médecins pour la prévention de la guerre nucléaire | Modigliani, Franco Franco Modigliani |
1986 | Ruska, Ernst Ernst Ruska ; Binnig, Gerd Gerd Binnig ; Rohrer, Heinrich Heinrich Rohrer | Herschbach, Dudley R. Dudley R. Herschbach ; Lee, Yuan T. Yuan T. Lee ; Polanyi, John John Polanyi | Cohen, Stanley Stanley Cohen ; Levi-Montalcini, Rita Rita Levi-Montalcini | Soyinka, Wole Wole Soyinka | Wiesel, Elie Elie Wiesel | Buchanan, James M. James M. Buchanan |
1987 | Bednorz, Johannes Georg Johannes Georg Bednorz ; Müller, Karl Alexander Karl Alexander Müller | Cram, Donald J. Donald J. Cram ; Lehn, Jean-Marie Jean-Marie Lehn ; Pedersen, Charles J. Charles J. Pedersen | Tonegawa, Susumu Susumu Tonegawa | Brodsky, Joseph Joseph Brodsky | Arias, Óscar Óscar Arias | Solow, Robert Robert Solow |
1988 | Lederman, Leon M. Leon M. Lederman ; Schwartz, Melvin Melvin Schwartz ; Steinberger, Jack Jack Steinberger | Deisenhofer, Johann Johann Deisenhofer ; Huber, Robert Robert Huber ; Michel, Hartmut Hartmut Michel | Black, James W. James W. Black ; Elion, Gertrude B. Gertrude B. Elion ; Hitchings, George H. George H. Hitchings | Mahfouz, Naguib Naguib Mahfouz | Forze internazionali di pace delle Nazioni Unite | Allais, Maurice Maurice Allais |
1989 | Ramsey, Norman Foster Norman Foster Ramsey ; Dehmelt, Hans Georg Hans Georg Dehmelt ; Paul, Wolfgang Wolfgang Paul | Altman, Sidney Sidney Altman ; Cech, Thomas Thomas Cech | Bishop, J. Michael J. Michael Bishop ; Varmus, Harold E. Harold E. Varmus | Cela, Camilo José Camilo José Cela | Gyatso, Tenzin Tenzin Gyatso | Haavelmo, Trygve Trygve Haavelmo |
1990 | Friedman, Jerome Isaac Jerome Isaac Friedman ; Kendall, Henry Way Henry Way Kendall ; Taylor, Richard E. Richard E. Taylor | Corey, Elias James Elias James Corey | Murray, Joseph Joseph Murray ; Thomas, E. Donnall E. Donnall Thomas | Paz, Octavio Octavio Paz | Gorbačëv, Michail Michail Gorbačëv | Markowitz, Harry Harry Markowitz ; Miller, Merton Merton Miller ; Sharpe, William Forsyth William Forsyth Sharpe |
1991 | Gennes, Pierre-Gilles de Pierre-Gilles de Gennes | Ernst, Richard R. Richard R. Ernst | Neher, Erwin Erwin Neher ; Sakmann, Bert Bert Sakmann | Gordimer, Nadine Nadine Gordimer | Suu Kyi, Aung San Aung San Suu Kyi | Coase, Ronald Ronald Coase |
1992 | Charpak, Georges Georges Charpak | Marcus, Rudolph A. Rudolph A. Marcus | Fischer, Edmond H. Edmond H. Fischer ; Krebs, Edwin G. Edwin G. Krebs | Walcott, Derek Derek Walcott | Menchú, Rigoberta Rigoberta Menchú | Becker, Gary Gary Becker |
1993 | Hulse, Russell Alan Russell Alan Hulse ; Taylor, Joseph Hooton Joseph Hooton Taylor | Mullis, Kary Kary Mullis ; Smith, Michael Michael Smith | Roberts, Richard J. Richard J. Roberts ; Sharp, Phillip Allen Phillip Allen Sharp | Morrison, Toni Toni Morrison | Mandela, Nelson Nelson Mandela ; de Klerk, Frederik Frederik de Klerk | Fogel, Robert Robert Fogel ; North, Douglass Douglass North |
1994 | Brockhouse, Bertram Bertram Brockhouse ; Shull, Clifford Clifford Shull | Olah, George Andrew George Andrew Olah | Gilman, Alfred G. Alfred G. Gilman ; Rodbell, Martin Martin Rodbell | Ōe, Kenzaburō Kenzaburō Ōe | Arafat, Yasser Yasser Arafat ; Peres, Shimon Shimon Peres ; Rabin, Yitzhak Yitzhak Rabin | Harsanyi, John John Harsanyi ; Nash, John Forbes John Forbes Nash ; Selten, Reinhard Reinhard Selten |
1995 | Perl, Martin Lewis Martin Lewis Perl ; Reines, Frederick Frederick Reines | Crutzen, Paul J. Paul J. Crutzen ; Molina, Mario J. Mario J. Molina ; Rowland, Frank Sherwood Frank Sherwood Rowland | Lewis, Edward B. Edward B. Lewis ; Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard ; Wieschaus, Eric F. Eric F. Wieschaus | Heaney, Seamus Seamus Heaney | Rotblat, Joseph Joseph Rotblat ; Movimento Pugwash | Lucas, Jr., Robert Robert Lucas, Jr. |
1996 | Lee, David Morris David Morris Lee ; Osheroff, Douglas Douglas Osheroff ; Richardson, Robert Coleman Robert Coleman Richardson | Curl Jr., Robert F. Robert F. Curl Jr. ; Kroto, Harry Harry Kroto ; Smalley, Richard Richard Smalley | Doherty, Peter C. Peter C. Doherty ; Zinkernagel, Rolf M. Rolf M. Zinkernagel | Szymborska, Wisława Wisława Szymborska | Belo, Carlos Filipe Ximenes Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo ; Ramos-Horta, José José Ramos-Horta | Mirrlees, James James Mirrlees ; Vickrey, William William Vickrey |
1997 | Chu, Steven Steven Chu ; Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude Claude Cohen-Tannoudji ; Phillips, William Daniel William Daniel Phillips | Boyer, Paul D. Paul D. Boyer ; Walker, John E. John E. Walker ; Skou, Jens Christian Jens Christian Skou | Prusiner, Stanley B. Stanley B. Prusiner | Fo, Dario Dario Fo | Campagna internazionale per il bando delle mine antiuomo ; Williams, Jody Jody Williams | Merton, Robert C. Robert C. Merton ; Scholes, Myron Myron Scholes |
1998 | Laughlin, Robert B. Robert B. Laughlin ; Störmer, Horst Ludwig Horst Ludwig Störmer ; Tsui, Daniel C. Daniel C. Tsui | Kohn, Walter Walter Kohn ; Pople, John John Pople | Furchgott, Robert F. Robert F. Furchgott ; Ignarro, Louis Louis Ignarro ; Murad, Ferid Ferid Murad | Saramago, José José Saramago | Hume, John John Hume ; Trimble, David David Trimble | Sen, Amartya Amartya Sen |
1999 | Hooft, Gerard 't Gerard 't Hooft ; Veltman, Martinus Martinus Veltman | Zewail, Ahmed Ahmed Zewail | Blobel, Günter Günter Blobel | Grass, Günter Günter Grass | Médecins sans frontières | Mundell, Robert Robert Mundell |
2000 | Alfërov, Žores Žores Alfërov ; Kroemer, Herbert Herbert Kroemer ; Kilby, Jack Jack Kilby | Heeger, Alan J. Alan J. Heeger ; MacDiarmid, Alan G. Alan G. MacDiarmid ; Shirakawa, Hideki Hideki Shirakawa | Carlsson, Arvid Arvid Carlsson ; Greengard, Paul Paul Greengard ; Kandel, Eric Eric Kandel | Xingjian, Gao Gao Xingjian | Dae-jung, Kim Kim Dae-jung | Heckman, James James Heckman ; McFadden, Daniel Daniel McFadden |
2001 | Cornell, Eric Allin Eric Allin Cornell ; Ketterle, Wolfgang Wolfgang Ketterle ; Wieman, Carl Carl Wieman | Knowles, William Standish William Standish Knowles ; Noyori, Ryōji Ryōji Noyori ; Sharpless, Karl Barry Karl Barry Sharpless | Hartwell, Leland H. Leland H. Hartwell ; Hunt, Tim Tim Hunt ; Nurse, Paul Paul Nurse | Naipaul, V. S. V. S. Naipaul | Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite ; Annan, Kofi Kofi Annan | Akerlof, George George Akerlof ; Spence, Michael Michael Spence ; Stiglitz, Joseph Joseph Stiglitz |
2002 | Davis Jr., Raymond Raymond Davis Jr. ; Koshiba, Masatoshi Masatoshi Koshiba ; Giacconi, Riccardo Riccardo Giacconi | Fenn, John John Fenn ; Tanaka, Koichi Koichi Tanaka ; Wüthrich, Kurt Kurt Wüthrich | Brenner, Sydney Sydney Brenner ; Horvitz, H. Robert H. Robert Horvitz ; Sulston, John John Sulston | Kertész, Imre Imre Kertész | Carter, Jimmy Jimmy Carter | Kahneman, Daniel Daniel Kahneman ; Smith, Vernon L. Vernon L. Smith |
2003 | Abrikosov, Aleksej Aleksej Abrikosov ; Ginzburg, Vitalij Vitalij Ginzburg ; Leggett, Anthony James Anthony James Leggett | Agre, Peter Peter Agre ; MacKinnon, Roderick Roderick MacKinnon | Lauterbur, Paul Paul Lauterbur ; Mansfield, Peter Peter Mansfield | Coetzee, J. M. J. M. Coetzee | Ebadi, Shirin Shirin Ebadi | Engle, Robert F. Robert F. Engle ; Granger, Clive Clive Granger |
2004 | Gross, David David Gross ; Politzer, Hugh David Hugh David Politzer ; Wilczek, Frank Frank Wilczek | Ciechanover, Aaron Aaron Ciechanover ; Hershko, Avram Avram Hershko ; Rose, Irwin Irwin Rose | Axel, Richard Richard Axel ; Buck, Linda B. Linda B. Buck | Jelinek, Elfriede Elfriede Jelinek | Maathai, Wangari Wangari Maathai | Kydland, Finn E. Finn E. Kydland ; Prescott, Edward C. Edward C. Prescott |
2005 | Glauber, Roy J. Roy J. Glauber ; Hall, John L. John L. Hall ; Hänsch, Theodor W. Theodor W. Hänsch | Chauvin, Yves Yves Chauvin ; Grubbs, Robert H. Robert H. Grubbs ; Schrock, Richard R. Richard R. Schrock | Marshall, Barry Barry Marshall ; Warren, Robin Robin Warren | Pinter, Harold Harold Pinter | Agenzia internazionale per l'energia atomica ; ElBaradei, Mohamed Mohamed ElBaradei | Aumann, Robert Robert Aumann ; Schelling, Thomas Thomas Schelling |
2006 | Mather, John C. John C. Mather ; Smoot, George George Smoot | Kornberg, Roger D. Roger D. Kornberg | Fire, Andrew Andrew Fire ; Mello, Craig Craig Mello | Pamuk, Orhan Orhan Pamuk | Yunus, Muhammad Muhammad Yunus ; Grameen Bank | Phelps, Edmund Edmund Phelps |
2007 | Fert, Albert Albert Fert ; Grünberg, Peter Peter Grünberg | Ertl, Gerhard Gerhard Ertl | Capecchi, Mario Mario Capecchi ; Evans, Martin Martin Evans ; Smithies, Oliver Oliver Smithies | Lessing, Doris Doris Lessing | Gruppo intergovernativo sul cambiamento climatico ; Gore, Al Al Gore | Hurwicz, Leonid Leonid Hurwicz ; Maskin, Eric Eric Maskin ; Myerson, Roger Roger Myerson |
2008 | Nambu, Yoichiro Yoichiro Nambu ; Kobayashi, Makoto Makoto Kobayashi ; Maskawa, Toshihide Toshihide Maskawa | Shimomura, Osamu Osamu Shimomura ; Chalfie, Martin Martin Chalfie ; Tsien, Roger Y. Roger Y. Tsien | zur Hausen, Harald Harald zur Hausen ; Barré-Sinoussi, Françoise Françoise Barré-Sinoussi ; Montagnier, Luc Luc Montagnier | Le Clézio, Jean-Marie Gustave Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio | Ahtisaari, Martti Martti Ahtisaari | Krugman, Paul Paul Krugman |
2009 | Kao, Charles K. Charles K. Kao ; Boyle, Willard S. Willard S. Boyle ; Smith, George E. George E. Smith | Ramakrishnan, Venkatraman Venkatraman Ramakrishnan ; Steitz, Thomas A. Thomas A. Steitz ; Yonath, Ada Ada Yonath | Blackburn, Elizabeth Elizabeth Blackburn ; Greider, Carol W. Carol W. Greider ; Szostak, Jack W. Jack W. Szostak | Müller, Herta Herta Müller | Obama, Barack Barack Obama | Ostrom, Elinor Elinor Ostrom ; Williamson, Oliver E. Oliver E. Williamson |
2010 | Geim, Andre Andre Geim ; Novoselov, Konstantin Konstantin Novoselov | Heck, Richard F. Richard F. Heck ; Negishi, Ei-ichi Ei-ichi Negishi ; Suzuki, Akira Akira Suzuki | Edwards, Robert G. Robert G. Edwards | Vargas Llosa, Mario Mario Vargas Llosa | Xiaobo, Liu Liu XiaoboTemplate:Ref label | Diamond, Peter A. Peter A. Diamond ; Mortensen, Dale T. Dale T. Mortensen ; Pissarides, Christopher A. Christopher A. Pissarides |
2011 | Perlmutter, Saul Saul Perlmutter ; Riess, Adam G. Adam G. Riess ; Schmidt, Brian Brian Schmidt | Shechtman, Dan Dan Shechtman | Beutler, Bruce Bruce Beutler ; Hoffmann, Jules Jules Hoffmann ; Steinman, Ralph M. Ralph M. Steinman | Tranströmer, Tomas Tomas Tranströmer | Sirleaf, Ellen Johnson Ellen Johnson Sirleaf ; Gbowee, Leymah Leymah Gbowee ; Karman, Tawakkul Tawakkul Karman | Sargent, Thomas J. Thomas J. Sargent ; Sims, Christopher A. Christopher A. Sims |
2012 | Haroche, Serge Serge Haroche ; J. Wineland, David David J. Wineland | Kobilka, Brian K. Brian K. Kobilka ; Lefkowitz, Robert J. Robert J. Lefkowitz | Gurdon, John B. John B. Gurdon ; Yamanaka, Shinya Shinya Yamanaka | Yan, Mo Mo Yan | Unione europea | Roth, Alvin E. Alvin E. Roth ; Shapley, Lloyd S. Lloyd S. Shapley |
2013 | Englert, François François Englert ; Higgs, Peter W. Peter W. Higgs | Karplus, Martin Martin Karplus ; Levitt, Michael Michael Levitt ; Warshel, Arieh Arieh Warshel | Rothman, James E. James E. Rothman ; Schekman, Randy W. Randy W. Schekman ; Südhof, Thomas C. Thomas C. Südhof | Munro, Alice Alice Munro | OPAC | Fama, Eugene F. Eugene F. Fama ; Hansen, Lars Peter Lars Peter Hansen ; Shiller, Robert J. Robert J. Shiller |
2014 | Akasaki, Isamu Isamu Akasaki ; Amano, Hiroshi Hiroshi Amano ; Nakamura, Shuji Shuji Nakamura | Betzig, Eric Eric Betzig ; Hell, Stefan Stefan Hell ; Moerner, William William Moerner | O'Keefe, John John O'Keefe Moser, May-Britt May-Britt Moser Moser, Edvard Edvard Moser | Modiano, Patrick Patrick Modiano | Yousafzai, Malala Malala Yousafzai Satyarthi, Kailash Kailash Satyarthi | Tirole, Jean Jean Tirole |
2015 | Kajita, Takaaki Takaaki Kajita McDonald, Arthur B. Arthur B. McDonald | Lindahl, Tomas Tomas Lindahl Modrich, Paul Paul Modrich Sancar, Aziz Aziz Sancar | Campbell, William C. William C. Campbell Ōmura, Satoshi Satoshi Ōmura Youyou, Tu Tu Youyou | Svetlana Aleksievic | Quartetto per il dialogo nazionale tunisino | Deaton, Angus Angus Deaton |
2016 | David J. Thouless; | Jean-Pierre Sauvage; James Fraser Stoddart; Feringa, Ben Ben Feringa | Ohsumi, Yoshinori Yoshinori Ohsumi | Bob Dylan | Santos, Juan Manuel Juan Manuel Santos | Hart, Oliver Oliver Hart ; Holmström, Bengt Bengt Holmström |
2017 | Rainer Weiss Barry C. Barish Kip Thorne | Jacques Dubochet Joachim Frank Richard Henderson | Jeffrey C. Hall Michael Rosbash Michael W. Young | Kazuo Ishiguro | Campagna Internazionale per l’Abolizione delle Armi Nucleari | Richard Thaler |
2018 | Arthur Ashkin Gérard Mourou Donna Strickland | Frances Arnold George Pieczenik Smith Gregory Paul Winter | James Patrick Allison Tasuku Honjo | Olga Tokarczuk | Denis Mukwege Nadia Murad | William Nordhaus Paul Romer |
2019 | James Peebles Michel Mayor Didier Queloz | John B. Goodenough Stanley Whittingham Akira Yoshino | William Kaelin Jr. Gregg L.Semenza Sir Peter J.Ratcliffe | Peter Handke | Abiy Ahmed | Abhijit Banerjee Esther Duflo Michael Kremer |
2020 | Roger Penrose Reinhard Genzel Andrea Ghez | Emmanuelle Charpentier Jennifer Doudna | Harvey J. Alter Michael Houghton Charles M. Rice | Louise Glück | Programma alimentare mondiale | Paul R. Milgrom Robert B. Wilson |
2021 | Manabe, Syukuro Syukuro Manabe; Hasselmann, Klaus Klaus Hasselmann ; Parisi, Giorgio Giorgio Parisi | List, Benjamin Benjamin List; MacMillan, David David MacMillan | Julius, David David Julius ; Patapoutian, Ardem Ardem Patapoutian | Gurnah, Abdulrazak Abdulrazak Gurnah | Ressa, Maria Maria Ressa; Muratov, Dmitrij Dmitrij Muratov | Card, David David Card; Angrist, Joshua Joshua Angrist ; Imbens, Guido Guido Imbens |
2022 | Aspect, Alain Alain Aspect; Clauser, John John Clauser; Zeilinger, Anton Anton Zeilinger | Bertozzi, Carolyn R. Carolyn R. Bertozzi; Meldal, Morten Morten Meldal; Sharpless, K. Barry K. Barry Sharpless | Svante Pääbo | Ernaux, Annie Annie Ernaux | Bjaljacki, Ales' Ales' Bjaljacki; Memorial; Centro per le libertà civili | Ben Bernanke; Douglas Diamond; Philip Dybvig |
2023 | Agostini, Pierre Pierre Agostini; Krausz, Ferenc Ferenc Krausz; L'Huillier, Anne Anne L'Huillier | Bawendi, Moungi Moungi Bawendi; Brus, Louis E. Louis E. Brus; Ekimov, Aleksej Aleksej Ekimov | Karikó, Katalin Katalin Karikó; Weissman, Drew Drew Weissman | Fosse, Jon Jon Fosse | Narges Mohammadi | Claudia Goldin |
Anno | Fisica | Chimica | Medicina | Letteratura | Pace | Economia |
Annotazioni
- Nel 1938 e nel 1939, i tre candidati Nobel tedeschi non furono autorizzati dai nazisti allora al potere a chiedere i loro premi Nobel. Richard Kuhn, Premio Nobel per la Chimica nel 1938, Adolf Butenandt, Premio Nobel per la Chimica nel 1939 e Gerhard Domagk, Premio Nobel per la Fisiologia o Medicina nel 1939, ricevettero la pergamena e la Medaglia del Premio Nobel, ma non i soldi[1].
- Nel 1948 il Premio Nobel per la Pace non fu assegnato. Il sito web della Fondazione Nobel dice che sarebbe stato conferito a Gandhi, assassinato all'inizio di quell'anno. In onore dell'apostolo della non violenza, il premio è rimasto senza vincitore.[2].
- Nel 1958, sotto pressioni del governo dell'Unione Sovietica, Boris Pasternak fu costretto a rifiutare il Premio Nobel per la letteratura.[1].
- Nel 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre rifiutò il Premio Nobel per la letteratura, poiché in passato aveva sempre rifiutato tutte le onorificenze ufficiali[1].
- Nel 1973, Lê Đức Thọ rifiutò il premio Nobel per la pace, sostenendo che non lo meritava, perché anche se avesse contribuito a negoziare gli accordi di pace di Parigi (un cessate il fuoco nella guerra del Vietnam), non era stato raggiunto alcun vero accordo di pace[1][3].
- Aung San Suu Kyi, vincitrice del premio Nobel per la pace nel 1991, al momento dell’assegnazione si trovava agli arresti domiciliari in Birmania e non poté quindi presenziare alla consegna dei premi. Ritirò il riconoscimento solo dopo la sua liberazione, nel 2012.
- Nel 2010, Liu Xiaobo non ha potuto ricevere il premio Nobel per la pace: si trovava infatti in prigione, condannato dalle autorità cinesi a 11 anni di reclusione[4].
- Il Premio della Banca di Svezia per l'economia in memoria di Alfred Nobel non è esattamente un premio Nobel (l'economia non compare nel testamento di Alfred Nobel), ma è amministrato dalla Fondazione Nobel secondo le stesse regole.
Note
- ^ a b c d e Nobel Laureates facts, su nobelprize.org, Fondation Nobel. URL consultato il 14 ottobre 2019.
- ^ Øyvind Tønnesson, Mahatma Gandhi, les lauréats absents, su nobelprize.org, Fondation Nobel, 1 décembre 1999. URL consultato il 13 luglio 2014.
- ^ Lundestad, Geir, The Nobel Peace Prize 1901-2000, su nobelprize.org, Nobel Foundation, 15 marzo 2001. URL consultato il 13 luglio 2014.
- ^ Le prix Nobel de la paix 2010 - Discours de présentation, su nobelprize.org, Fondation Nobel. URL consultato il 13 luglio 2014.
Voci correlate
Altri progetti
Altri progetti
- Wikimedia Commons
- Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Elenco dei vincitori del Premio Nobel
Collegamenti esterni
- (EN) Site internet officiel de l'Académie royale suédoise des Sciences Archiviato il 3 ottobre 2020 in Internet Archive., in inglese
- (EN) Site internet officiel de la Fondation Nobel, in inglese
- (EN) Base de données téléchargeables des lauréats du prix Nobel, in inglese
Controllo di autorità | J9U (EN, HE) 987007566543505171 |
---|