Gu Lai
Zhai Ya Ma Wu An | |
---|---|
King of Champa King of Panduranga | |
King of Champa | |
Reign | 1478-1505 |
Predecessor | Zhai Ya Ma Wu An |
Successor | Sha Gu Bu Luo |
Born | ? Champa |
Died | 1505 Panduranga, Champa |
Issue | Sha Gu Bu Luo |
Religion | Hinduism |
Gu Lai (died 1505) is the Chinese transcription of the name of a King of Panduranga in Champa. He ruled in 1478–1505 in rivalry with another claimant and relied on support from the Chinese Ming Dynasty for his survival. His name might correspond to the Cham name Garay.
Contested succession and exile
In the years after the defeat of the Cham Kingdom at the hands of the Vietnamese (1471), the southernmost part of Champa, Panduranga, emerged as the principal Cham polity. A grandson or nephew of the old king, Zhai Ya Ma Wu An, was acknowledged by the Lê dynasty as vassal ruler but died under murky circumstances in 1478, either by illness or assassination. The murderer was allegedly Gu Lai who is referred as the brother of the slain ruler, but was alternatively described as one of his chieftains. After Zhai Ya Ma Wu An's demise, a confused situation arose. The Vietnamese appointed a certain Ti Po Tai (Devata?) to temporarily handle the affairs of the Cham kingdom.[1] However, Ti Po Tai was violently opposed by Gu Lai. By 1480, Champa's territory was divided between the two contenders. Eventually Gu Lai managed to kill his rival by 1486. This led to a Vietnamese intervention that aimed to back up the offspring of Ti Po Tai. Gu Lai had to flee the country and reached Hainan Island in China with his court and some 1000 followers. Thus Gu Lai sought support from the Ming Dynasty which had interests in containing the expansive Lê Dynasty.[2]
Return to power
Gu Lai could return to Champa with Chinese escort after about three years. The Mingshi says that he lost his son Kusuma who was killed by Vietnamese forces (before 1489); however, the king then led his forces against the adversaries and scored a significant military victory that redressed the situation. The Vietnamese chronicles are silent about this defeat, and are not much concerned with Champa affairs after 1471. Gu Lai's reign in Champa was marked by continuing conflicts with Vietnam, and he asked the Ming Emperor to intervene and make a settlement. In 1499, he requested that the Ming court should give formal enfeoffment to his son Sha Gu Bu Luo, since he was old and his son could better protect the kingdom. The Ming Emperor did not approve this since Gu Lai was still alive. According to the Mingshi, Gu Lai died in 1505. Sha Gu Bu Luo appears as king in the next years, though relations with the Ming became rarer over time.[3]
References
- ^ Andrew Hardy (2019) "Champa, Integrating Kingdom: Mechanisms of Political Integration in a Southeast Asian Segmentary State (15th Century", in Arlo Griffiths et al. (eds) Champa: Territories and Networks of a Southeast Asian Kingdom. Paris: EFEO, p. 243.
- ^ Geoff Wade (2019) "Campa in the Ming Reign Annals (Ming shi-lu) 14th-17th Centuries", in Arlo Griffiths et al. (eds) Champa: Territories and Networks of a Southeast Asian Kingdom. Paris: EFEO, p. 270.
- ^ Geoff Wade (2003) The Ming shi Account of Champa. Asia Research Institute Working Papers, 3, p. 16-7.[1]
Preceded by Zhai Ya Ma Wu An ?-1478 | Champa rulers 1478–1505 | Succeeded by Sha Gu Bu Luo 1505-after 1515 |
- v
- t
- e
Lâm Ấp
192-605
Xitu
- Khu Liên
- Phạm Hùng
- Phạm Dật
- Phạm Văn
- Phạm Phật
- Bhadravarman I (Phạm Hồ Đạt)
- Gangaraja (Phạm Địch Chớn)
- Manorathavarman
- Gangarajavarman II (Phạm Địch Văn)
- Phạm Dương Mại I
- Phạm Dương Mại II
- Phạm Thần Thành
- Phạm Đang Căng Thuần
- Phạm Chư Nông
- Phạm Văn Tẩn
- Devavarman (Phạm Thiên Khởi)
- Vijayavarman
- Rudravarman I
Chiêm Thành
875–1471
- Jaya Sambhuvarman
- Kandarpadharma (Fan Touli)
- Prabhasadharma (Fan Zhenlong)
- Bhadresvaravarman
- Daughter of Kandarpadharma (female)
- Vikrantavarman I
- Naravahanavarman
- Vikrantavarman II
- Rudravarman II
- Prithindravarman
- Satyavarman
- Indravarman I
- Harivarman I
- Vikrantavarman III
- Indravarman II
- Jaya Simhavarman I
- Saktivarman
- Bhadravarman II
- Indravarman III
- Jaya Indravarman I
- Paramesvaravarman I
- Indravarman IV
- Lieou Ki-Tsong (Lưu Kế Tông)
- Harivarman II
- Yang Bo Zhan
- Sri Vijayavarman (Yang Pu Ku Vijaya)
- Harivarman III
- Paramesvaravarman II
- Vikrantavarman IV
- Jaya Sinhavarman II
- Jaya Paramesvaravarman I
- Bhadravarman III
- Rudravarman III
- Harivarman IV
- Jaya Indravarman II
- Paramabhodhisatva
- Harivarman V
- Jaya Indravarman III
- Rudravarman IV
- Jaya Harivarman I
- Jaya Harivarman II
- Jaya Indravarman IV
- Suryajayavarmadeva (Khmer vassal)
- Suryavarmadeva (Khmer vassal)
- Jaya Indravarman V (Khmer vassal)
- Khmer occupation
- Jaya Paramesvaravarman II
- Jaya Indravarman VI
- Indravarman V
- Jaya Sinhavarman III (Chế Mân)
- Jaya Sinhavarman IV (Chế Chí)
- Chế Năng
- Jaya Ananda (Chế A Nan)
- Maha Sawa (Trà Hòa Bố Để)
- Po Binasuor (Chế Bồng Nga)
- Jaya Simhavarman V (La Ngai)
- Indravarman VI (Ba Đích Lại)
- Virabhadravarman
- Maha Kali (Ma Kha Quý Lai)
- Maha Vijaya (Ma Kha Bí Cai)
- Maha Kaya (Ma Kha Quý Do)
- Maha Saya (Bàn La Trà Duyệt)
- Maha Sajan (Bàn La Trà Toàn)
- Maha Sajai (Bàn La Trà Toại)
Principality of Thuận Thành
1471–1835
- Bố Trì Trì
- Zhai Ya Ma Wu An
- Gu Lai
- Sha Gu Bu Luo
- Sha Ri Di Zhai
- Po Kabih
- Po Karut Drak
- Po Maho Sarak
- Po Kunarai
- Po At
- Po Klaong Halau
- Po Nit
- Po Jai Paran
- Po Aih Khang
- Po Klaong Mah Nai
- Po Rome
- Po Nraup (Bà Tấm)
- Po Saktiraydapaghoh
- Po Jatamah
- Po Saut (Bà Tranh)
- Vietnamese occupation
- Po Saktiraydapatih (Kế Bà Tử)
- Po Ganuhpatih
- Po Thuntiraidaputih
- Po Rattiraydaputao
- Po Tisundimahrai
- Po Tisuntiraydapaghoh
- Po Tisuntiraidapuran (Nguyễn Văn Tá)
- Po Thong Khang
- Po Krei Brei (Nguyễn Văn Chiêu)
- Po Ladhuanpuguh (Nguyễn Văn Hào)
- Po Saong Nyung Ceng (Nguyễn Văn Chấn)
- Po Bait Lan
- Po Klan Thu (Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh)
- Po Phaok The (Nguyễn Văn Thừa)
- Po War Palei (La Bôn Vương)