Ashihei Hino
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Ashihei Hino | |
---|---|
Hino in 1952 | |
Born | (1907-01-25)January 25, 1907 Wakamatsu, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan |
Died | January 24, 1960(1960-01-24) (aged 52) |
Nationality | Japanese |
Notable works | Fun'nyōtan (糞尿譚, "Tales of Excrement and Urine") Kakumei Zengo (革命前後, "Before and After the Revolution") Mugi to Heitai (麦と兵隊, "Wheat and Soldiers") |
Notable awards | Akutagawa Prize for Tales of Excrement and Urine Japan Art Academy Prize for Before and After the Revolution and lifetime achievements |
Relatives | Tetsu Nakamura (nephew)[1] |
Ashihei Hino (火野 葦平, Hino Ashihei) (born 玉井勝則, Tamai Katsunori; 25 January 1907 – 24 January 1960) was a Japanese writer, whose works included depictions of military life during World War II. He was born in Wakamatsu (now Wakamatsu ward, Kitakyūshū) and in 1937 he received the prestigious Akutagawa Prize for one of his novels, Fun'nyōtan (糞尿譚, Tales of Excrement and Urine).[2] At that moment he was a soldier for the Japanese army in China. He then got promoted to the information corps and published numerous works about the daily lives of Japanese soldiers. It is for his war novels that he became famous during (and forgotten after) the war. His book Mugi to Heitai (麦と兵隊, Wheat and Soldiers) sold over a million copies.
Hino committed suicide at the age of 53. His death was first reported to have been from a heart attack, but was later revealed by his family to have been from an overdose of sleeping pills.[3] His birthhouse can be visited nowadays.
Early life and education
Hino was born as Katsunori Tamai (玉井勝則, Tamai Katsunori) on 25 January 1907 in Wakamatsu, Fukuoka Prefecture (now Wakamatsu District in Kitakyushu City) as the family's eldest son. His father was foreman of the Tamai Group (玉井組, Tamai gumi) stevedoring company. Hino had two younger brothers and seven younger sisters. In 1923 at the age of 16, he completed Kokura Prefectural Junior High School and entered Waseda Daiichi High School.
In 1926 at the age of 19, he entered Waseda University's English Literature Department. Along with several other students, he produced 「街」(English: "Town"), a literary magazine. The following year, he produced a poetry magazine entitled 「聖杯」(English: "Holy Grail").
In 1928, he enlisted in the Fukuoka 24th Infantry Regiment as an officer candidate. However, upon discovery of a translated work of Vladimir Lenin's among his possessions, Hino was demoted and eventually discharged.
Intending to succeed his father's position with the Tamai Group, Hino withdrew from his studies. He sold all of his textbooks and literature and became absorbed in leftist publications.
In 1930, at 23 years old, he married Ryoko Hibino (日比野良子, Hibino Ryouko). The same year, their eldest son was born with a daughter following in 1932, a second son in 1934, and a third son in 1938.
In March 1931, Hino established the Wakamatsu Port Stevedoring Union and became its General Secretary. In August of that year, the union conducted a cargo handling strike in Dokai Bay.
In 1932 following the January 28 incident, foreign laborers conducted a strike, prompting the Tamai Group to dispatch Hino to Shanghai, China. He was arrested upon his return to Japan and became distrustful of the Japanese Communist Party, deciding to turn away from leftist politics and back toward literature.
Career
In 1934, Hino began contributing to the Japanese poetry magazine 「とらんしっと」(English: "Theodolite"), primarily composing prose poetry. During this time, he began to use the name Ashihei Hino (火野葦平, Hino Ashihei).
In October 1937, Hino's novel Tales of Excrement and Urine (糞尿譚, Fun'nyōtan) was published. The previous month, he had been conscripted to fight in the Second Sino-Japanese War. In October 1937 he landed at Hangzhou Bay and in December 1937 he entered Hangzhou, China.
In February 1938, Hino won the 6th Akutagawa Prize (芥川龍之介賞, Akutagawa Ryūnosuke Shō) for Tales of Excrement and Urine.
Hino became known for his vivid portrayal of soldiers' humanity during battle. Mugi to Heitai (麦と兵隊, "Wheat and Soldiers"), his account of the Battle of Xuzhou in May 1938, which he sent from the battlefield, grew his fame and popularity. It was translated into English and praised by American novelist Pearl S. Buck, who had grown up in China as the daughter of missionaries.
In 1939, Hino retired from military service and returned to Japan but continued to be known as a "soldier/writer." He continued to depict military life from all fronts in World War II. These years it also was published few works in English, that is The Sentry Line(歩哨線, "Hosho sen"), Mud and Soldiers(土と兵隊, "Tsuchi to Heitai"), Flower and Soldiers(花と兵隊, "Hana to Heitai"), Sea and Soldiers(海と兵隊, "Umi to Heitai"), and Corn and Soldiers(麦と兵隊, "Mugi to Heitai"). [4]
After World War II, Hino came under aggressive scrutiny for having been a "war crimes writer" and was banned from holding public office from 1948 to 1950. His work during this time and after the ban was lifted included his autobiographical film Hana to Ryuu (花と竜, "Flowers and Dragons"), which depicted the severe conditions of boyhood in Kyuushuu, and Kakumei Zengo (革命前後, "Before and After the Revolution"), which addressed his own moral responsibility in the war. His work demonstrated his literary ability and he regained some of his public stature. In 1960, after Hino's death, he was awarded the Japan Art Academy Prize for Kakumei Zengo and his other lifetime achievements.
Later life
Hino died in his home office on January 24, 1960, following an overdose on sleeping pills. Following Hino's death, a friend who had been concerned about Hino's behavior visited Hino's home and discovered a note entitled "Health Memo" (in English). In Japanese, Hino had written that he would die because of "some vague anxiety" (或る漠然とした不安) and referenced Japanese writer and Akutagawa Prize namesake Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, who had attributed his own suicide in 1927 to a "vague anxiety."
Hino's cause of death was said to have been a heart attack until his family acknowledged his suicide to the Japanese press in 1972.
References
- ^ "【追悼】中村哲医師「ペシャワールに赴任したきっかけは、原始のモンシロチョウを見たから」 (1/5)" (in Japanese). Bungeishunjū. 2019-12-05. Retrieved 2019-12-07.
- ^ 芥川賞受賞者一覧 (in Japanese). Bungeishunjū. Archived from the original on 2008-02-13. Retrieved 2010-01-27.
- ^ "Now Family Reveals Writer suicide". The New Canadian. March 10, 1972. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Ashihei Hino, War Correspondent, The Sentry Line ("Hosho sen", 歩哨線) Tokyo; Daitoa Shuppan, 1939; Lewis Bush tr., Mud and Soldiers, Tokyo; Kenkyusha, 1939; Lewis Bush tr., Flower and Soldies, Tokyo; Kenkyusha, 1939; Lewis Bush tr., Sea and Soldiers, Tokyo; Kenkusha, 1940; Shigeo Inouye(井上 思外雄) tr., Corn and Soldiers, Tokyo; Kenkyusha, 1944.
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- 1935: Tatsuzō Ishikawa / None
- 1936: Oda Takeo and Tsuruta Tomoya / Jun Ishikawa and Tomisawa Uio
- 1937: Ozaki Kazuo / Ashihei Hino
- 1938: Nakayama Gishū / Nakazato Tsuneko
- 1939: Handa Yoshiyuki and Hase Ken / Samukawa Kotaro
- 1940: None / Sakurada Tsunehisa
- 1941: Tada Yukei / Shibaki Yoshiko
- 1942: None / Kuramitsu Toshio
- 1943: Ishizuka Kikuzo / Tonobe Kaoru
- 1944: Yagi Yoshinori and Ono Juzo / Shimizu Motoyoshi
- 1949: Kotani Tsuyoshi and Yuki Shigeko / Yasushi Inoue
- 1950: Tsuji Ryoichi / None
- 1951: Abe Kōbō and Ishikawa Toshimitsu / Hotta Yoshie
- 1952: None / Gomi Kosuke and Matsumoto Seichō
- 1953: Shōtarō Yasuoka / None
- 1954: Yoshiyuki Junnosuke / Kojima Nobuo and Shono Junzo
- 1955: Shūsaku Endō / Shintaro Ishihara
- 1956: Kondō Keitarō / None
- 1957: Kikumura Itaru / Takeshi Kaikō
- 1958: Kenzaburō Ōe / None
- 1959: Shiba Shiro / None
- 1960: Morio Kita / Miura Tetsuo
- 1961: None / Kōichirō Uno
- 1962: Kawamura Akira / None
- 1963: Goto Kiichi and Kōno Taeko / Tanabe Seiko
- 1964: Shiba Shou / None
- 1965: Tsumura Setsuko / Takai Yuichi
- 1966: None / Maruyama Kenji
- 1967: Oshiro Tatsuhiro / Kashiwabara Hyozo
- 1968: Maruya Saiichi and Oba Minako / None
- 1969: Shoji Kaoru and Takubo Hideo / KiyookaTakayuki
- 1970: Yoshida Tomoko and Komao Furuyama / Yoshikichi Furui
- 1971: None / Kaisei Ri and Mineo Higashi
- 1972: Hiroshi Hatayama and Akio Miyahara / Michiko Yamamoto and Shizuko Go
- 1973: Taku Miki / Kuninobu Noro and Atsushi Mori
- 1974: None / Keizo Hino and Hiro Sakata
- 1975: Kyoko Hayashi / Kenji Nakagami and Kazuo Okamatsu
- 1976: Ryū Murakami / None
- 1977: Masahiro Mita and Masuo Ikeda / Teru Miyamoto and Shuzo Taki
- 1978: Kiichiro Takahashi and Michitsuna Takahashi / None
- 1979: Yoshiko Shigekane and So Aono / Reiko Mori
- 1980: None / Katsuhiko Otsuji
- 1981: Rie Yoshiyuki / None
- 1982: None / Yukiko Kato and Jūrō Kara
- 1983: None / Jun Kasahara and Nobuko Takagi
- 1984: None / Satoko Kizaki
- 1985: None / Fumiko Kometani
- 1986: None / None
- 1987: Kiyoko Murata / Natsuki Ikezawa and Kiyohiro Miura
- 1988: Man Arai / Keishi Nagi and Lee Yangji
- 1989: None / Akira Ooka and Mieko Takizawa
- 1990: Noboru Tsujihara / Yōko Ogawa
- 1991: Yo Henmi and Anna Ogino / Eiko Matsumura
- 1992: Tomomi Fujiwara / Yoko Tawada
- 1993: Haruhiko Yoshimeki / Hikaru Okuizumi
- 1994: Mitsuhiro Muroi and Yoriko Shono / None
- 1995: Kazushi Hosaka / Matayoshi Eiki
- 1996: Hiromi Kawakami / Hitonari Tsuji and Miri Yu
- 1997: Shun Medoruma / None
- 1998: Mangetsu Hanamura and Shu Fujisawa / Keiichiro Hirano
- 1999: None / Gengetsu and Chiya Fujino
- 2000: Kō Machida and Hisaki Matsuura / Yuichi Seirai and Toshiyuki Horie
- 2001: Sokyu Genyu / Yu Nagashima
- 2002: Shuichi Yoshida / Tamaki Daido
- 2003: Man'ichi Yoshimura / Risa Wataya and Hitomi Kanehara
- 2004: Norio Mobu / Kazushige Abe
- 2005: Fuminori Nakamura / Akiko Itoyama
- 2006: Takami Itō / Nanae Aoyama
- 2007: Tetsushi Suwa / Mieko Kawakami
- 2008: Yang Yi / Kikuko Tsumura
- 2009: Ken'ichirō Isozaki / None
- 2010: Akiko Akazome / Mariko Asabuki and Kenta Nishimura
- 2011: None / Toh EnJoe and Shinya Tanaka
- 2012: Maki Kashimada / Natsuko Kuroda
- 2013: Kaori Fujino / Hiroko Oyamada
- 2014: Tomoka Shibasaki / Masatsugu Ono
- 2015: Keisuke Hada and Naoki Matayoshi / Yusho Takiguchi and Yukiko Motoya
- 2016: Sayaka Murata / Sumito Yamashita
- 2017: Shinsuke Numata / Chisako Wakatake and Yuka Ishii
- 2018: Hiroki Takahashi / Takahiro Ueda and Ryōhei Machiya
- 2019: Natsuko Imamura / Makoto Furukawa
- 2020: Haruka Tono and Haneko Takayama / Rin Usami
- 2021: Li Kotomi and Mai Ishizawa / Bunji Sunakawa
- 2022: Junko Takase / Iko Idogawa and Atsushi Satō
- 2023: Saō Ichikawa / Rie Qudan