单倍群O-M122

单倍群O-M122
起源时间约3万年前[1]
起源地印度东北部[2]
上游单倍群单倍群O-M175
下游单倍群单倍群O-M324(O2a)、单倍群O-F742(O2b)
对应突变M122[3], CTS10736, CTS10753, F36, F400, F433, F471, F633, P198

单倍群O-M122(英語:Haplogroup O-M122)是人类Y染色体DNA单倍群之一,现称O2(旧称O3), 是单倍群O-M175的下游单倍群之一。

起源与分布

单倍群O-M122于2万5千年至3万年前首次出现于東亞南部。[1]该单倍群目前主要分佈於东亚玻里尼西亞东南亞中亚南亚等。O-M122的主要下游单倍群包括(以下均采用ISOGG 2017版命名):O2a2a-M188、O2a1b-IMS-JST002611、O2a2b1a1-M117、O2a2b1a2-F114、O2a2b2-AM01822、O2b-F742等。其中O2a2a-M188主要分佈在中國南方,在日本、韩國以及、东南亚等地也有分布,其下游的O2a2a1a2-M7主要分佈在苗瑶语族各族,O2a1b-IMS-JST002611、O2a2b1a1-M117、O2a2b1a2-F114是汉族主要的单倍群,也常见于如朝鮮族滿族赫哲族锡伯族中国蒙古族土族等中國境内的民族,M117也常见于藏缅语族各族中,F114还在哈萨克族乃蛮部中高频分布。O2a2b2-AM01822主要分佈在中國華北偏東部地區等地,其下游的O2a2b2a2b-AM01847是波利尼西亚人的主要單倍群。O2b-F742主要分佈於中國東部沿海省份等地。

在人群中的比重

族群 比例 樣本數 資料來源 SNPs
独龙族 1 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)  
那加人
(Sagaing, 緬甸)
1.000 15 [來源請求] Page23=15
尼釋人(印度東北英语Nishi (tribe)) 0.94 Cordaux 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCordaux2004 (help)  
阿迪人(印度東北)英语Adi people 0.89 Cordaux 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCordaux2004 (help)  
塔芒族(尼泊爾) 0.867 45 Gayden 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGayden2007 (help) M134
怒族(雲南) 0.86 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help)  
瑤族 (連南瑤族自治縣) 0.829 35 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M7=18
M117=5
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=4
M134(xM117)=2
阿昌族(雲南緬甸) 0.825 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)  
阿帕塔尼部落 - Yoair英语Apatani people 0.82 Cordaux 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCordaux2004 (help)  
白族(雲南) 0.82 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)  
南方漢族
(湖南福建漢族)
0.788 52 Poznik 2016 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPoznik2016 (help) M122=41
那加人 (東北印度) 0.765 34 Cordaux 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCordaux2004 (help) M134=26
佤族 (雲南) 0.759 29 Cai 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCai2011 (help) M122
漢族 0.74 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help)  
畬族 0.735 34 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M7=10
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=7
M117=6
M134(xM117)=2
怒族 0.7 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)  
苗族 0.7 Karafet 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2001 (help)  
水族 0.7 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)  
漢族 (哈爾濱) 0.657 35 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=10
M134(xM117)=8
M117=5
傈僳族 0.65 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help)  
藻敏方言 (廣東瑤族) 0.649 37 Cai 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCai2011 (help) M122
畬族 0.63 Karafet 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2001 (help)  
菲律賓人 0.62 Jin 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJin2009 (help)  
台灣漢族 0.619 21 Tajima 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTajima2004 (help) M122
菲律賓人 0.607 28 Hurles 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHurles2005 (help) M122
漢族 (華東) 0.593 167 Yan 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFYan2011 (help) M122
加羅人 0.59 Reddy 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFReddy2007 (help)  
越南京族 (越南河內) 0.58 48 [來源請求] M122=28
欽族
(欽邦, 緬甸)
0.579 19 [來源請求] Page23=10
M122(xM324)=1
漢族 (華北) 0.566 129 Yan 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFYan2011 (help) M122
多巴巴塔克族英语Toba Batak people (印尼蘇門答臘) 0.553 38 Karafet 2010 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2010 (help) P201(xM7, M134)
北方漢族 0.551 49 Tajima 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTajima2004 (help) M122
加羅人 0.55 Kumar 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKumar2007 (help)  
土家族 0.54 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)  
土家族 0.53 Karafet 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2001 (help)  
漢族 (成都) 0.529 34 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=8
M134(xM117)=5
M117=5
漢族 (東北) 0.524 42 Katoh 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKatoh2005 (help) M122=22
漢族 (梅县) 0.514 35 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=10
M117=4
M7=2
M159=1
M134(xM117)=1
北京漢族
0.500 46 Poznik 2016 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPoznik2016 (help) F444=8
M117=7
JST002611=5
KL2(xJST002611)=2
M188(xM7)=1
漢族 (華南) 0.492 65 Yan 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFYan2011 (help) M122
佤族 0.48 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)  
白族 0.48 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)
Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help)
 
河內京族
0.478 46 Poznik 2016 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPoznik2016 (help) M7=6
M133=4
F444=4
JST002611=4
KL2(xJST002611)=2
N6>F4124=1
CTS1754=1
韓國人 0.472 216 Kim 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKim2007 (help)  
傈僳族 0.47 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)  
哈尼族 0.47 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help)  
漢族 (伊犁哈薩克自治州) 0.469 32 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=10
M7=2
M117=2
M134(xM117)=1
白族 (雲南大理) 0.46 50 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help) M122
蒙古族 (內蒙古包頭市) 0.455 33 [來源請求] F273=2
F4249=2
FGC23868=1
Z26109=1
F133=1
F12=1
Y26383=1
CTS201=1
F8=1
Y20928=1
F748=1
SK1783=1
SK1775=1
Hezhe (China) 0.444 45 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=11
M134(xM117)=2
M117=7
韓國人 0.443 506 Kim 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKim2011 (help) P201=146
M324(xP201)=76
M122(xM324)=2
藏族
(雲南香格里拉縣)
0.440 50 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help) M122
苗族 0.44 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)  
彝族 0.44 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help)  
拉祜族 0.43 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)  
Bit (Laos) 0.429 28 Cai 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCai2011 (help) M122
滿族 (東北) 0.426 101 Katoh 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKatoh2005 (help) M122=43
韓民族 (首爾) 0.422 573 Park 2012 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPark2012 (help) M122
韓民族 (大德區) 0.414 133 Park 2012 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPark2012 (help) M122
Hmong Daw (寮國) 0.412 51 Cai 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCai2011 (help) M122
越南人 0.41 Karafet 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2001 (help)  
傣族 0.4 Yang 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFYang2005 (help)  
東干族 (吉爾吉斯) 0.40 40 Wells 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWells2001 (help) M122
藏族 0.400 35 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M117=13
M134(xM117)=1
中國朝鮮族 0.400 25 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=6
M117=4
撣族
(泰國北部)
0.400 20 Brunelli 2017 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrunelli2017 (help) M117=7
M7=1
中部泰族 0.395 129 Kutanan 2019 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKutanan2019 (help) F8/F42*=17
M7=11
JST002611=10
F474/F317=4
F323/F46=4
M159=2
F2055/CTS445=1
F2137=1
F837=1
韓民族 (南韓) 0.395 43 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=7
M134(xM117)=5
M117=5
越南人 0.39 Jin 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJin2009 (help)  
北部泰族
0.390 205 Brunelli 2017 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrunelli2017 (help) O-M117=46
O-M7=17
O-M324(xM7, M134)=16
O-M122(xM324)=1
孟族
(泰國北部)
0.389 18 Brunelli 2017 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrunelli2017 (help) M117=4
M324(xM7, M134)=3
布朗族 (雲南) 0.385 52 Cai 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCai2011 (help) M122
北部泰族
(Khon Mueang & Tai Yuan)
0.384 86 Kutanan 2019 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKutanan2019 (help) F8/F42=24
M7=7
JST002611=1
F999/F717=1
滿族 0.38 Karafet 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2001 (help)  
菲律賓人
(他加祿)
0.380 50 Tajima 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTajima2004 (help) M122
越南哈尼族 0.375 24 Trejaut 2014 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTrejaut2014 (help) M7=3
M134(xM133)=3
M133=1
JST002611=1
M159=1
Manchu 0.371 35 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=6
M117=5
M134(xM117)=2
漢族 (蘭州) 0.367 30 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=6
M117=3
M134(xM117)=2
拉祜族 0.36 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help)  
羌族 0.364 33 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M134(xM117)=4
M117=3
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=3
M7=2
緬族 (緬甸) 0.361 72 [來源請求] Page23=26
印尼婆羅洲 0.360 86 Karafet 2010 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2010 (help) M122
韓民族 0.356 45 Wells 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWells2001 (help) M122
巴哼語 (廣西瑤族) 0.355 31 Cai 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCai2011 (help) M122
菲律賓人 0.354 48 Karafet 2010 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2010 (help) M122
西部裕固語(甘肅突厥) 0.35 Zhou 2008 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFZhou2008 (help)  
泰族
(清邁 & 坤敬府)
0.353 34 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)
Tajima 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTajima2004 (help)
M122
傣允族
(泰國北部)
0.346 26 Brunelli 2017 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrunelli2017 (help) M324(xM7, M134)=4
M117=3
M7=2
Tharu 0.345 171 Fornarino 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFornarino2009 (help) M134
越南京族 (河內) 0.342 76 He 2012 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHe2012 (help) M122
韓民族 (首爾) 0.341 85 Katoh 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKatoh2005 (help) M122=29
藏族 0.340 156 Gayden 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGayden2007 (help) M122
瑤族 (巴馬瑤族自治縣) 0.343 35 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M7=12
哈薩克族 (SE Altai) 0.337 89 Dulik 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDulik2011 (help) M134(xM117, P101)
泰沅
(泰國)
0.329 85 Brunelli 2017 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrunelli2017 (help) M117=15
M7=5
M122(xM324)=5
M134(xM117)=3
傣族
(雲南西雙版納傣族自治州)
0.327 52 Poznik 2016 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPoznik2016 (help) O-M133=13
O-M7=2
O-F444=1
O-JST002611=1
波利尼西亞人 0.325 Su 2000 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSu2000 (help)  
藏族 0.32 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help)  
Khasi 0.32 Reddy 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFReddy2007 (help)  
寮族
(寮國龍坡邦)
0.32 25 He 2012 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHe2012 (help) M122
Eastern Yugur 0.31 Zhou 2008 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFZhou2008 (help)  
馬來族 0.31 Karafet 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2001 (help)  
布依族 0.314 35 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M7=6
M134(xM117)=3
M117=1
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=1
喀爾喀蒙古族 0.311 Kim 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKim2011 (help)  
菲律賓人 0.308 146 Trejaut 2014 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTrejaut2014 (help) P164(xM134)=26
JST002611=7
M7=3
M133=3
M134(xM133)=2
P201(xM159, M7, P164)=2
M159=1
M324(xKL1, P201)=1
漢族 (平話) 0.3 Gan 2008 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGan2008 (help)  
撒拉族 0.302 43 Wang 2003 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWang2003 (help) M122
侗族 0.300 20 Xie 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXie2004 (help) M134=3
M122(xM7, M134)=3
泰國 0.293 75 Trejaut 2014 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTrejaut2014 (help) M133(xM162)=10
M7=5
M134(xM133)=3
JST002611=2
P164(xM134)=1
M122(xM324)=1
中國朝鮮族 0.291 79 Katoh 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKatoh2005 (help) M122=23
卡西族 0.29 Kumar 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKumar2007 (help)  
壯族 0.29 Su 2000 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSu2000 (help)  
內蒙古 0.289 45 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=5
M117=5
M134(xM117)=3
傣仂
(泰國北部)
0.286 91 Brunelli 2017 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrunelli2017 (help) O-M117=16
O-M7=6
O-M324(xM7, M134)=3
O-M122(xM324)=1
壯族 0.286 28 Xie 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXie2004 (help) M134=7
M122(xM7, M134)=1
寮族
(Vientiane & Luang Prabang)
0.275 40 Kutanan 2019 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKutanan2019 (help) F8/F42=6
M7=2
M188(xM7)=2
P164(xF8,F46,F4110,F706,F717)=1
保安族 0.273 44 Wang 2003 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWang2003 (help) M122
錫伯族 0.268 41 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M134(xM117)=5
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=4
M117=2
密克羅尼西亞(大洋洲) 0.27 Su 2000 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSu2000 (help)  
孟族 (泰國) 0.267 105 Kutanan 2019 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKutanan2019 (help) F8/F42=15
M7=4
F323/F46=4
JST002611=3
F2859=1
M122(x002611,M188,P164,F837)=1
达斡尔族 0.256 39 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=7
M117=3
玻里尼西亞 0.25 Hammer 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHammer2005 (help)
Kayser 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKayser2006 (help)
 
Bunu (Guangxi) 0.25 36 Cai 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCai2011 (help) M122
馬來族
(鄰近吉隆坡)
0.25 12 Tajima 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTajima2004 (help) M122
壯族 (廣西) 0.247 166 Chen 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFChen2006 (help) M122(xM121, M134)=23
M117=9
M134(xM117)=7
M121=2
日本族 (Kyūshū) 0.240 104 Tajima 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTajima2004 (help) M122
東鄉族 0.24 Wang 2003 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWang2003 (help)  
Manchurian Evenks 0.24 Karafet 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2001 (help)  
Thai (Northern Thailand) 0.235 17 He 2012 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHe2012 (help) M122
Japanese (Kagawa) 0.234 47 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M117=8
M134(xM117)=2
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=1
Mosuo (Ninglang, Yunnan) 0.234 47 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help) M122
Evenks (China) 0.231 26 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M117=4
M134(xM117)=1
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=1
Mongolia
(mainly Khalkhs[4])
0.228 149 Hammer 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHammer2005 (help) M134=24
M122(xM134)=10
Zhuang
(Napo County, Guangxi)
0.222 63 [來源請求] M117=5
M122(xM188, M134)=4
M188=3
M134(xM117)=2
Lawa
(Northern Thailand)
0.220 50 Brunelli 2017 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrunelli2017 (help) M324(xM7, M134)=6
M117=5
Mal (Laos) 0.220 50 Cai 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCai2011 (help) M122
Cambodian (Siem Reap) 0.216 125 Black 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBlack2006 (help) M122
Japanese (Tokushima) 0.214 70 Hammer 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHammer2005 (help) M134=11
M122(xM134, LINE)=2
LINE=2
Newar 0.212 66 Gayden 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGayden2007 (help) M117
Lao Isan 0.210 62 Kutanan 2019 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKutanan2019 (help) M7=6
F8=4
JST002611=3
Blang 0.21 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)  
Okinawans 0.21 Nonaka 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNonaka2007 (help)  
Tai Khün
(Northern Thailand)
0.208 24 Brunelli 2017 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBrunelli2017 (help) M117=4
M134(xM117)=1
Kathmandu, Nepal 0.208 77 Gayden 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGayden2007 (help) M324
Sui 0.200 50 Xie 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXie2004 (help) M134=10
Yi (Shuangbai, Yunnan) 0.20 50 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help) M122(xM7)
Japanese (Shizuoka) 0.197 61 Hammer 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHammer2005 (help) M122(xM134, LINE)=7
M134=5
Khmu (Laos) 0.196 51 Cai 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCai2011 (help) M122
Dongxiang 0.196 46 Wang 2003 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWang2003 (help) M122
Oroqen 0.194 31 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=2
M7=2
M134(xM117)=1
M117=1
Khalkh (Mongolia) 0.188 85 Katoh 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKatoh2005 (help) M122=16
Japanese (Miyazaki) 0.183 1285 Nohara 2021 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNohara2021 (help) M134=118
M122(xM134)=117
Japanese (Tokyo) 0.179 56 Poznik 2016 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPoznik2016 (help) M117=5
M134(xM117)=3
JST002611=2
Hani 0.176 34 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M134(xM117)=3
M117=2
M122(xM159, M7, M134)=1
Micronesia 0.176 17 Hammer 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHammer2005 (help) M122(xM134, LINE)=3
Hui 0.171 35 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=4
M134(xM117)=1
M117=1
Kalmyk (Khoshuud) 0.171 82 Malyarchuk 2013 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMalyarchuk2013 (help) M122=14
Japanese 0.167 263 Nonaka 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNonaka2007 (help) M122
Mandar (Sulawesi) 0.167 54 Karafet 2010 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2010 (help) M122
Mulam (Luocheng) 0.167 42 Wang 2003 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWang2003 (help) JST002611=3
M134(xM117)=3
M117=1
Japanese (Kantō) 0.162 117 Katoh 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKatoh2005 (help) M122=19
Thai 0.16 Jin 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJin2009 (help)  
Zhuang 0.16 Karafet 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2001 (help)  
Aheu (Laos) 0.158 38 Cai 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCai2011 (help) M122
Bugan (Yunnan) 0.156 32 Cai 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCai2011 (help) M122
Okinawans 0.156 45 Hammer 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHammer2005 (help) M122(xM134, LINE)=3
LINE=3
M134=1
Uygur (Yili) 0.154 39 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=2
M134(xM117)=2
M117=2
Japanese (Aomori) 0.154 26 Hammer 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHammer2005 (help) M134=3
M122(xM134, LINE)=1
Cambodia 0.14 Shi 2009 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)  
Cham
(Binh Thuan, Vietnam)
0.136 59 He 2012 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHe2012 (help) M122
Java
(mainly sampled in Dieng)
0.131 61 Karafet 2010 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2010 (help) M122
Aboriginal Taiwanese 0.126 223 Tajima 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTajima2004 (help) M122
Uighur (Kazakhstan) 0.122 41 Wells 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWells2001 (help) M122
Uzbek (Bukhara) 0.121 58 Wells 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWells2001 (help) M122
Ulchi 0.115 52 [來源請求] O-M122(xP201)=6
Karakalpak (Uzbekistan) 0.114 44 Wells 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWells2001 (help) M122
Utsat (Sanya, Hainan) 0.111 72 Li 2013 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLi2013 (help) M117=3
M122(xM159, M117)=3
M159=2
Outer Mongolian 0.108 65 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M122(xM159, M7, M134)=3
M117=3
M134(xM117)=1
Bo (Laos) 0.107 28 Cai 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCai2011 (help) M122
Tibetans 0.1 Zhou 2008 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFZhou2008 (help)  
Maluku Islands 0.1 30 Karafet 2010 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2010 (help) M122
Kazakh (Kazakhstan) 0.093 54 Wells 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWells2001 (help) M122
Bouyei 0.089 45 Xie 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXie2004 (help) M122(xM7, M134)=2
M7=1
M134=1
Pumi (Ninglang, Yunnan) 0.085 47 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help) M122(xM7)
Zakhchin (Mongolia) 0.083 60 Katoh 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKatoh2005 (help) M122=5
Mongols 0.083 24 Wells 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWells2001 (help) M122
Balinese (Bali) 0.073 641 Karafet 2010 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2010 (help) M122
Japanese 0.068 59 Ochiai 2016 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFOchiai2016 (help) P198
Uriankhai (Mongolia) 0.067 60 Katoh 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKatoh2005 (help) M122=4
Sinte (Uzbekistan) 0.067 15 Wells 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWells2001 (help) M122
Uygur (Urumqi) 0.065 31 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M134(xM117)=1
M117=1
Iranian (Esfahan) 0.063 16 Wells 2001 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWells2001 (help) M122
Kalmyk (Dörwöd) 0.061 165 Malyarchuk 2013 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMalyarchuk2013 (help) M122=10
Flores 0.046 394 Karafet 2010 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2010 (help) M122
Buryat 0.040 298 Kharkov 2014 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKharkov2014 (help) M324(xM134)=5
M134(xM117)=4
M117=3
Buyei 0.04 Yang 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFYang2005 (help)  
Kalmyk (Torguud) 0.033 150 Malyarchuk 2013 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMalyarchuk2013 (help) M122=5
Kazakhs (SW Altai) 0.033 30 Dulik 2011 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDulik2011 (help) M134(xM117, P101)
Munda
(Jharkhand)
0.032 94 [來源請求] M134=3
Burusho 0.031 97 Firasat 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFirasat2007 (help) M122
Li 0.029 34 Xue 2006 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFXue2006 (help) M134(xM117)=1
Sumba 0.029 350 Karafet 2010 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKarafet2010 (help) M122
Khoton (Mongolia) 0.025 40 Katoh 2005 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKatoh2005 (help) M122=1
Naxi (Lijiang, Yunnan) 0.025 40 Wen 2004 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFWen2004 (help) M134
Rajbanshi
(West Bengal)
0.022 45 [來源請求] M134=1
Pathan 0.010 96 Firasat 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFirasat2007 (help) M122
Pakistan 0.005 638 Firasat 2007 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFirasat2007 (help) M122

注释

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 (Shi 2009) harv error: no target: CITEREFShi2009 (help)
  2. ^ (GenographicProject 2005) harv error: no target: CITEREFGenographicProject2005 (help)
  3. ^ (Krahn and FTDNA 2013)
  4. ^ Karafet, T. M.; Zegura, S. L.; Posukh, O.; Osipova, L.; Bergen, A.; Long, J.; Goldman, D.; Klitz, W.; Harihara, S.; de Knijff, P.; Wiebe, V.; Griffiths, R. C.; Templeton, A. R.; Hammer, M. F. Ancestral Asian Source(s) of New World Y-Chromosome Founder Haplotypes. American Journal of Human Genetics. 1999, 64 (3): 817–831. PMC 1377800可免费查阅. PMID 10053017. doi:10.1086/302282. 

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