Rumbold of Mechlin
Saint Rumbold | |
---|---|
Saint Rumbold on a chasuble in the Basilica of Our Lady of Hanswijk, Mechelen | |
Born | possibly Ireland or Scotland |
Died | 6th, 7th or 8th century (see text) Mechelen |
Venerated in | Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church |
Major shrine | St Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen |
Feast | 24 June |
Attributes | Depicted as a bishop or a bearded man with a hoe lying under his feet. He may also be shown murdered near a coffer of money. |
Patronage | Mechelen and Humbeek |
Saint Rumbold (or Rumold, Romuold; Dutch: Rombout; French: Rombaut; Latin: Rum(w)oldus, Rumwaldus, Rumboldus, Rumbaldus; many variants overall) was an Irish or Scottish Christian missionary, although his true nationality is not known for certain.[1][2][3] He was martyred near Mechelen by two men, whom he had denounced for their evil ways.[4]
Saint Rumbold's feast day is celebrated by the Roman Catholic Church, and Western Rite Orthodox Churches, on 24 June;[4][5] and it is celebrated in Ireland on 3 July.[6][7] He is the patron saint of Mechelen,[4] where St. Rumbold's Cathedral possesses an elaborate golden shrine on its high altar, containing relics attributed to the saint. It is rumoured that his remains are buried inside the cathedral. Twenty-five paintings in the choir illustrate his life.
Life and legend
Rumbold is assumed to have been consecrated a regionary bishop at Rome. Aodh Buidhe Mac an Bhaird (c. 1590–1635) argued that Rumbold had been born in Ireland. He is also said to have been a Bishop of Dublin, the son of a Scottish king,[4] and the brother of Saint Himelin.[8] He is assumed to have worked under St. Willibrord in the Netherlands and Brabant, and also to have been a close companion of the hermit St. Gummarus,[9][1][4][10] and of the preacher monk Fredegand van Deurne, who, according to one tradition, maintained contact with St. Foillan (who was murdered in the Sonian Forest around 665).[11]
St. Rumbold's biography, written around 1100 AD by Theodoricus, prior of Sint-Truiden Abbey, caused 775 to be the traditional year of the saint's death. The surrounding areas of Mechelen however, had been Christianized much earlier.[1] In 2004 a state-of-the-art examination of the relics assumed to be St. Rumbold's showed a death date between 580 and 655.[2][3][12] This would make Saint Rumbold a Hiberno-Scottish rather than an Anglo-Saxon missionary, and not a contemporary of either St. Willibrord, St. Himelin, or St. Gummarus.[2]
St. Rumwold of Buckingham
There has been some historical confusion between Rumbold of Mechelen and the infant Saint Rumwold of Buckingham, who died in 662 AD at the age of 3 days. The latter has become referred to as Romwold, Rumwald, Runwald, Rumbald, or Rumbold. A compilation of three saints' lives as translated by Rosalind Love mentioned that on 15th-century records in Salisbury, an unknown author 'corrected' the attribution as "martyr" (possibly the Rumbold murdered in Mechelen) by annotating "confessor" (fitting in the miraculous infant Rumwold who was not a martyr). Also, the original dedication of churches to a St. Rumbold in Northern England appears uncertain.[13]
Gallery
- St. Rumbold's statue in St. Rumbold's Cathedral, Mechelen, situated through the arch on the right side.
- Saint Rumbold on a painting in the Basilica of Our Lady of Hanswijk, Mechelen.
- Relics attributed to Saint Rumbold in their shrine, carried along Veemarkt (Cattle Market), Mechelen.
- Saint Rumbold's statue in the Basilica of Our Lady of Hanswijk, Mechelen.
- St. Rumbold's Cathedral, Mechelen, treasury of St. Rumbold's reliquary shrine.
- St. Rumbold's Cathedral; at the far end stands the statue of Sanctus Rumoldus, aka Saint Rumbold, above the high altar.
References
- ^ a b c "Lezing over Sint-Rombout in Mechelen – Sint-Rombout: waarheid of legende? (Presentation for a 20 May 2010 lecture)" (in Dutch). Persdienst Aartsbisdom (Archbishopric Press Service), Mechelen / Vrienden van de Sint-Romboutskathedraal vzw. 2010. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 5 Jul 2011.
- ^ a b c Mark van Strydonck; Anton Ervynck; Marit Vandenbruaene; Mathieu Boudin (2006). Relieken, echt of vals? (in Dutch). Davidsfonds, Leuven. ISBN 978-90-5826-420-6.
- ^ a b "De relieken van Sint-Rombout" (in Dutch). Torens aan de Dijle vzw (Cooperation between representatives of 8 historical churches at Mechelen, and the City). 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-03-26. Retrieved 5 Jul 2011.
- ^ a b c d e "St Rumbold". Catholic Online. 2011. Retrieved 5 Jul 2011.
- ^ "Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome – 'R' (for Rumoldus)". Retrieved 5 Jul 2011.
- ^ Dries van den Akker s.j. (13 Sep 2010). "Rombout van Mechelen" (in Dutch). www.heiligen.net. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ "Saint of the Day: 3 July - Index: Rumold(us)". St. Patrick Catholic Church, Washington, D.C, U.S.A. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of March 10
- ^ Mulder-Bakker, Anneke; Carasso-Kok, Marijke (1997). Gouden legenden : heiligenlevens en heiligenverering in de Nederlanden. Verloren. p. 145. ISBN 9065502912.
- ^ T. Paaps: Het leven van de heilige Gummarus. In Dutch, originally from 1940, but rewritten in 2008 by Hugo Neefs and republished by "de Gilde Heren van Lier".
- ^ Dries van den Akker s.j. (10 August 2010). "Fredegand van Deurne" (in Dutch). www.heiligen.net. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ van Eck, Xander (2015). "The high altar of the archiepiscopal cathedral of Mechelen: St Rumbold's grand reliquary and tomb". Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art. 38 (4): 213–227. ISSN 0037-5411. JSTOR 26382631.
- ^ Love, Rosalind C. (1996). "'St. Rombaut' (Rombout)". Three Eleventh-Century Anglo-Latin Saint's Lives — Vita S. Birini, Vita et Miracula S. Kenelmi, Vita S. Rumwoldi. Clarendon Press. pp. cxliii to cxliv, cli, cliv. ISBN 0-19-820524-4. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
External links
- Saint Patrick's Day Saints Index: Rumold(us)
- Saints Index at Catholic Online
- Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome
- v
- t
- e
- Aldate of Oxford
- Barloc of Norbury
- Brannoc of Braunton
- Branwalator of Milton
- Credan of Bodmin
- Congar of Congresbury
- Dachuna of Bodmin
- Decuman of Watchet
- Elfin of Warrington
- Ivo of Ramsey
- Judoc of Winchester
- Melorius of Amesbury
- Nectan of Hartland
- Neot of Cornwall
- Patrick of Glastonbury
- Rumon of Tavistock
- Samson of Dol
- Sativola of Exeter
- Æthelberht of East Anglia
- Æthelburh of Faremoutiers
- Æthelflæd of Ramsey
- Æthelthryth of Ely
- Æthelwine of Lindsey
- Athwulf of Thorney
- Blida of Martham
- Botwulf of Thorney
- Cissa of Crowland
- Cuthbald of Peterborough
- Eadmund of East Anglia
- Eadnoth of Ramsey
- Guthlac of Crowland
- Herefrith of Thorney
- Hiurmine of Blythburgh
- Huna of Thorney
- Pega of Peakirk
- Seaxburh of Ely
- Sigeberht of East Anglia
- Tancred of Thorney
- Torthred of Thorney
- Tova of Thorney
- Walstan of Bawburgh
- Wendreda
- Wihtburh of Ely
- Wulfric of Holme
Frankish
and Old Saxon
- Balthild of Romsey
- Bertha of Kent
- Felix of Dommoc
- Helier of Jersey
- Grimbald of St Bertin
- Monegunda of Watton
- Odwulf of Evesham
- Wulfram of Grantham
- Æbbe of Thanet (Domne Eafe)
- Æthelberht of Kent
- Æthelburh of Kent
- Æthelred of Kent
- Albinus of Canterbury
- Berhtwald of Canterbury
- Deusdedit of Canterbury
- Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet
- Eanswith of Folkestone
- Eormengyth of Thanet
- Mildrith of Thanet
- Nothhelm of Canterbury
- Sigeburh of Thanet
- Ælfnoth of Stowe
- Ælfthryth of Crowland
- Æthelberht of Bedford
- Æthelmod of Leominster
- Æthelred of Mercia
- Æthelwynn of Sodbury
- Aldwyn of Coln
- Beonna of Breedon
- Beorhthelm of Stafford
- Coenwulf of Mercia
- Cotta of Breedon
- Credan of Evesham
- Cyneburh of Castor
- Cyneburh of Gloucester
- Cynehelm of Winchcombe
- Cyneswith of Peterborough
- Eadburh of Bicester
- Eadburh of Pershore
- Eadburh of Southwell
- Eadgyth of Aylesbury
- Eadweard of Maugersbury
- Ealdgyth of Stortford
- Earconwald of London
- Egwin of Evesham
- Freomund of Mercia
- Frithuric of Breedon
- Frithuswith of Oxford
- Frithuwold of Chertsey
- Hæmma of Leominster
- Merefin
- Mildburh of Wenlock
- Mildgyth
- Mildrith of Thanet
- Milred of Worcester
- Oda of Canterbury
- Oswald of Worcester
- Osburh of Coventry
- Regenhere of Northampton
- Rumbold of Buckingham
- Tibba of Ryhall
- Werburgh of Chester
- Wærstan
- Wigstan of Repton
- Wulfhild of Barking
- Acca of Hexham
- Æbbe "the Elder" of Coldingham
- Æbbe "the Younger" of Coldingham
- Ælfflæd of Whitby
- Ælfwald of Northumbria
- Æthelburh of Hackness
- Æthelgyth of Coldingham
- Æthelsige of Ripon
- Æthelwold of Farne
- Æthelwold of Lindisfarne
- Alchhild of Middleham
- Alchmund of Hexham
- Alkmund of Derby
- Balthere of Tyningham
- Beda of Jarrow
- Bega of Copeland
- Benedict Biscop
- Bercthun of Beverley
- Billfrith of Lindisfarne
- Bosa of York
- Botwine of Ripon
- Ceadda of Lichfield
- Cedd of Lichfield
- Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth
- Ceolwulf of Northumbria
- Cuthbert of Durham
- Dryhthelm of Melrose
- Eadberht of Lindisfarne
- Eadfrith of Leominster
- Eadfrith of Lindisfarne
- Eadwine of Northumbria
- Ealdberht of Ripon
- Eanmund
- Eardwulf of Northumbria
- Eata of Hexham
- Ecgberht of Ripon
- Eoda
- Eosterwine of Monkwearmouth
- Hilda of Whitby
- Hyglac
- Iwig of Wilton
- John of Beverley
- Osana of Howden
- Osthryth of Bardney
- Oswald of Northumbria
- Oswine of Northumbria
- Sicgred of Ripon
- Sigfrith of Monkwearmouth
- Tatberht of Ripon
- Wihtberht of Ripon
- Wilfrith of Hexham
- Wilfrith II
- Wilgils of Ripon
- Æbbe of Abingdon
- Ælfgar of Selwood
- Ælfgifu of Exeter
- Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
- Ælfheah of Canterbury
- Ælfheah of Winchester
- Æthelflæd of Romsey
- Æthelgar of Canterbury
- Æthelnoth of Canterbury
- Æthelwine of Athelney
- Æthelwold of Winchester
- Aldhelm of Sherborne
- Benignus of Glastonbury
- Beocca of Chertsey
- Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury
- Beornstan of Winchester
- Beornwald of Bampton
- Centwine of Wessex
- Cuthburh of Wimborn
- Cwenburh of Wimborne
- Dunstan of Canterbury
- Eadburh of Winchester
- Eadgar of England
- Eadgyth of Polesworth
- Eadgyth of Wilton
- Eadweard the Confessor
- Eadweard the Martyr
- Eadwold of Cerne
- Earmund of Stoke Fleming
- Edor of Chertsey
- Evorhilda
- Frithestan of Winchester
- Hædde of Winchester
- Humbert of Stokenham
- Hwita of Whitchurch Canonicorum
- Mærwynn of Romsey
- Margaret of Dunfermline
- Swithhun of Winchester
- Wulfsige of Sherborne
- Wulfthryth of Wilton
- Arilda of Oldbury
- Juthwara of Sherbourne
- Rumbold of Mechlin
- Urith of Chittlehampton