Richmond Railway Bridge
J W Jacomb-Hood (1908)
Richmond Railway Bridge in Richmond, south-west London, crosses the River Thames immediately upstream of Twickenham Bridge. It carries National Rail services operated by South Western Railway (SWR) on the Waterloo to Reading Line, and lies between Richmond and St. Margarets stations. The bridge was amongst the first railway crossings of the Thames.[1]
The first Richmond Railway Bridge was built by the contractor Thomas Brassey and designed by the civil engineers Joseph Locke and J. E. Errington on behalf of the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR). Opened during 1848, it was originally known as the Richmond Windsor and Staines Railway Bridge.[1] Due to concerns over the bridge's use of cast iron in its construction, it was rebuilt during the 1900s, the principal change being the substitution of iron elements for steel counterparts. This second bridge, which heavily reused elements of the original, was designed by the L&SWR's then-chief engineer, J. W. Jacomb-Hood, and constructed by the Horseley Bridge Company between 1906 and 1908.
The second bridge is visually similar to the earlier structure, retaining much of its aesthetics and original features despite subsequent refurbishment and maintenance programmes, including the replacement of its decking and girders during the 1980s. Since 2008, both the bridge itself and its brick approach viaduct have been Grade II listed structures, protecting them from unsympathetic alterations.
History
Shortly after the arrival of the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR) at Richmond station in 1846, ambitions to extend the line through to Windsor, facilitating a direct connection between Clapham Junction, Richmond and Waterloo, would be put into action.[1] Prior to this, the Thames area had experienced relatively little in terms of railway development despite a nationwide boom in the industry, largely due to a prohibition that had been enacted by Parliament which prevented the construction of surface railways in central London. Having secured authorisation to proceed, the Richmond Railway Bridge over the Thames would be amongst the first railway crossings of the river to be constructed.[1]
Responsibility for the design of this first railway bridge was assigned to the accomplished civil engineers Joseph Locke and J. E. Errington; they also worked together on a similar bridge at Barnes.[2] Its construction was performed by the prolific contractor Thomas Brassey.[1] This first bridge comprised three 100-foot cast iron girders, which were supported on stone-faced land arches in combination with a pair of stone-faced river piers with rounded cutwaters.[2] In accompaniment to the bridge itself, a sizable arched brick viaduct crossing Richmond's Old Deer Park, was built for the bridge's eastern approach. This viaduct features ornamentation and decorative features, which was inserted into the design at the insistence of the Crown commissioners of the park.[1]
While the bridge proved itself to be relatively problem-free in operation, by the start of the twentieth century, there were considerable concerns over the Richmond Railway Bridge's structural integrity, largely due to the use of cast iron in its construction.[1] To address these concerns, railway officials decided that the bridge ought to be rebuilt in a new design, which was produced by the L&SWR's then-chief engineer, J. W. Jacomb-Hood. A contract to undertake the fabrication and erection of this second bridge was awarded to the Horseley Bridge Company in 1906.[1]
The second bridge, which was completed during 1908, actually retained or reused numerous elements of the first bridge, including the existing piers and abutments.[3] This new design was sympathetic to the original bridge's design, with the distinctive open spandrels having been intentionally reproduced via vertical dividers. Considerable attention was paid to the bridge's aesthetics, particularly in respect to the new steel girders that formed a core element of this new structure.[1] This steel superstructure primarily comprised four shallow-arched ribs for each span, which are braced together as two pairs and are pinned towards their ends as to permit movement; as such, each track is effectively carried by a separate steel arch bridge placed side-by-side.[1]
Further works have been performed to the structure over time. During 1984, the primary girders and decking of the bridge were entirely replaced.[4] Despite having received multiple renewal programmes over the course of a century, the bridge is said to have retained much of the appearance of the original 1848 structure, while a significant proportion of historic fabric has also survived through to the present day.[1]
Both the Richmond Railway Bridge itself and its adjacent approach viaduct were declared to be a Grade II listed structure in 2008.[1] This status is intended to protect the structure from any unsympathetic developments with the aim of preserving its special character.[5]
Gallery
- Richmond Railway Bridge, Illustrated London News, 21 October 1848
- Richmond Railway Bridge looking downstream with Twickenham Bridge in the background
- Richmond Railway Bridge manufacturer's plaque
- Thames as seen from Richmond Railway Bridge
- Riverside picture including the Richmond Railway Bridge and Asgill House
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Historic England (26 November 2008). "Richmond Railway Bridge and Approach Viaduct (1393016)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
- ^ a b Cherry, Bridget; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1983). The Buildings of England – London 2: South. London: Penguin Books. p. 716. ISBN 0-14-0710-47-7.
- ^ Addison, Martin. "TQ1774 : Richmond Railway Bridge, River Thames". Geograph. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
- ^ "Richmond Railway Bridge". Tour UK. Just Tour Ltd. Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 10 February 2013.
- ^ "London bridges get listed status". BBC News. London. 26 November 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
External links
- Science and Society Picture Library – Locke's bridge
- Richmond Railway Bridge via thames.me.uk
51°27′36″N 0°18′49″W / 51.46000°N 0.31361°W / 51.46000; -0.31361
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and river services
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- Royal Tennis Court, Hampton Court
- Teddington Pools and Fitness Centre
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- Twickenham Stadium
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- former Ranelagh Club
- former Richmond Ice Rink
- Britannia, Richmond
- The Bull's Head, Barnes
- The Crown, Twickenham
- Dysart Arms, Petersham
- The Fox, Twickenham
- The George, Twickenham
- Hare and Hounds, East Sheen
- Jolly Coopers, Hampton
- Old Ship, Richmond
- Park Hotel, Teddington
- Richmond Brewery Stores
- Sun Inn, Barnes
- Twickenham Fine Ales
- Watney Combe & Reid
- White Cross, Richmond
- The White Swan, Twickenham
and music venues
- The Bull's Head
- Crawdaddy Club
- The Exchange
- Olympic Studios
- Orange Tree Theatre
- OSO Arts Centre
- Puppet Theatre Barge
- Richmond Theatre
- TwickFolk
- Wathen Hall
- former Eel Pie Island Hotel
- former Richmond Theatre (1765–1884|
- Richmond and Twickenham Times
- former Gaydar Radio
- former Hogarth Press
of interest
- 123 Mortlake High Street
- 14 The Terrace, Barnes
- 18 Station Road, Barnes
- 70 Barnes High Street
- Asgill House
- Barnes power station
- Brinsworth House
- Bushy House
- Cambridge Cottage
- Chapel House
- Chapel in the Wood
- Clarence House
- Doughty House
- Douglas House
- Downe House
- East Sheen Filling Station
- Fulwell bus garage
- Garrick's Temple to Shakespeare
- Garrick's Villa
- Great Pagoda, Kew Gardens
- Grove House, Hampton
- Halford House
- Ham House
- Hampton Water Treatment Works
- Hampton Youth Project
- Harrods Furniture Depository
- Hogarth House
- The Homestead
- Hotham House
- Kew Gardens
- Kew Mortuary
- King's Observatory
- Kneller Hall
- Langham House
- Langham House Close
- Latchmere House
- Lichfield Court
- Marble Hill House
- Montrose House
- National Physical Laboratory
- Normansfield Theatre
- The Old Court House
- Old Town Hall, Richmond
- Ormeley Lodge
- Parkleys
- Park Lane Stables Teddington
- The Pavilion
- Pembroke Lodge
- Pope's Grotto
- Poppy Factory
- Royal Military School of Music
- Royal Star and Garter Home
- St Leonard's Court
- Strawberry Hill House
- Stud House
- Sudbrook House and Park
- Thatched House Lodge
- Trumpeters' House
- University Boat Race Stones
- Victoria Working Men's Club
- West Hall
- White Lodge
- The Wick
- Wick House
- Yelverton Lodge
- York House
- former Admiralty Research Laboratory
- former Alcott House
- former Camp Griffiss
- former Cardigan House
- former Cross Deep House
- former The Karsino
- former Mortlake Tapestry Works
- former Mount Ararat
- former Pope's villa
- former Radnor House
- former Richmond House
- former Richmond Lodge
- former Richmond Theological College
- former Sheen Priory
- former Star and Garter Hotel
- former Twickenham Park
- Adana Printing Machines
- Ashe baronets
- Cook baronets of Doughty House
- Darell baronets, of Richmond Hill
- GHQ Liaison Regiment (Phantom)
- Hampton Court Conference
- Kew Letters
- Petersham Hole
- Pocock baronets
- Richmond Flyers
- Richmond, Petersham and Ham Open Spaces Act 1902
- Treaty of Hampton Court (1562)
- Vandeput baronets
- Warren-Lambert
- Wigan baronets
- Richmond Park
- Twickenham
- former Richmond and Barnes
- former Richmond (Surrey)