Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap
Download coordinates as:
- KML
- GPX (all coordinates)
- GPX (primary coordinates)
- GPX (secondary coordinates)
Porome, also known as Kibiri, is a Papuan language of southern Papua New Guinea.
Classification
Porome was classified as a language isolate by Stephen Wurm. Although Malcolm Ross linked it to the Kiwaian languages, there is no evidence for a connection apart from the pronouns 1sg amo and 2sg do (cf. proto-Kiwaian *mo and *oro).
Distribution
There are over a thousand speakers in Babaguina (7°28′52″S 144°15′14″E / 7.480977°S 144.254009°E / -7.480977; 144.254009 (Babaguina)), Doibo (7°27′28″S 144°16′18″E / 7.45766°S 144.271731°E / -7.45766; 144.271731 (Doibo/Babeio/Veiru)), Ero (7°26′46″S 144°21′53″E / 7.446131°S 144.364831°E / -7.446131; 144.364831 (Ero)), Paile, Tipeowo, and Wowa (7°24′51″S 144°18′56″E / 7.414287°S 144.315579°E / -7.414287; 144.315579 (Wowou)) villages in West Kikori Rural LLG and East Kikori Rural LLG of Gulf Province, near the Aird Hills and Kikori River tributaries.[2][3]
Phonology
Porome has 9 native consonants. /s/ occurs in loanwords. There are no glottal consonants.[4]
p | t | k~g~ɣ |
b | d | |
v | | |
m | n | |
| r | |
| (s) | |
There are five vowels, which are /a, e, i, o, u/.[4]
Like the surrounding languages, Porome is a tonal language. It has 5 tones.[4]
- High-level: kóí ‘cloth’
- Low-level: kòì ‘selfish’
- Rising: mèrí ‘road’
- Falling: mérì ‘pandanus’
- Peaking: pàkúmì ‘feather’
Pronouns
The independent pronouns and subject suffixes to the verb are as follows:
| sg | du | pl |
1 | amo, -me | amó-kai | amó, -ke/-ki |
2 | do, -ke | aia-kai | a, -ka |
3 | da, -a/-bV | abo-kai | abo, -abo |
Vocabulary
Selected Porome vocabulary from Petterson (2010):[5]
Body parts
Porome | Gloss |
kikimi | head |
kikimikuro | hair |
pakai | forehead |
ipiri kukuro | eyebrow, eyelashes |
ipiri | eye |
obokera | ear |
urubi | nose |
koropi | tooth |
beri | tongue |
kakimoro | cheek |
iri | hand |
kaka | thumb |
iri uraka | palm |
upuruburowara | back |
itari | back of neck (nape) |
eimuro | breast |
bamakai | chest |
bakuri | belly |
koupuri | shoulder |
kunei | thigh |
murikara | knee |
warakero | leg |
kakapu | foot |
Numerals
Porome | Gloss |
tauri | 0 |
wakua | 1 |
kabirai | 2 |
wauteri | 3 |
kaka etekaro | 4 |
irikia wakua | 5 |
irikia wakua, muro wakua | 6 |
irikia wakua, muro kabirai | 7 |
irikia wakua, muro wauteri | 8 |
irikia wakua, muro kaka etekaro | 9 |
irikia kabirai | 10 |
Village and society
Porome | Gloss |
kuri | village |
mapi | house |
erei | fire |
kumapi | stone |
wawari | creek |
meri | path |
penoni | bridge |
moia | men |
eria | women |
kari | boys |
mibu | girls |
Nature and environment
Porome | Gloss |
bari naka | sky |
eri ipiro | sun |
omeri tero | moon |
okoiri | star |
keibu | waves |
momoi | clouds |
bari epu | rain clouds |
kakaikapo, neii | rain |
meremeri | lightning |
marari, konobori | wind |
ero | land |
eii | earth, soil |
ubi | water |
kaku | river |
eimuro | bush |
erouri | island |
moki | passage |
pari | sand |
oteri | cliff |
akaburi | mountain |
Plants
Porome | Gloss |
kubi | tree |
aveiri | branch |
kuri | roots |
orei | leaf |
kopo | flower |
enenei | grass |
avui | cutty grass |
makai | betelnut |
dii | coconut |
mei | sugarcane |
Animals
Porome | Gloss |
bobi | pig |
kumi | dog |
bari mei kumo | chicken |
kaburi | frog |
barami | wallaby |
pusi | cat |
kuiou | tree kangaroo |
kaiani, keipari | rat |
imai | snake |
boribi | cuscus |
tumaru | bandicoot |
kana | bird-of-paradise |
koropeiri | cassowary |
wamo | bush fowl |
kubeiri | flying fox |
kapasikori | black cockatoo |
marubo | hornbill |
koribi | fish |
einakerei | centipede |
eiamu | millipede |
morokabi | spider |
ubatu | grasshopper |
nepu, mati | mosquito |
nokoiri | fly |
enene | cicada |
bebeiri | butterfly |
aii | sago grub |
buburumi | sago beetle |
mirimabi | scorpion |
mi | crab |
timuri | prawn |
vi | cockle, clam |
keimu | crocodile |
akouri | river snake |
dabeouri | sea turtle |
ketoko | creek turtle |
watemu | river turtle |
Comparison
Lexical comparison of Porome with neighboring languages:[4]
gloss | Porome (isolate) | Urama (Kiwaian) | Rumu (Turama–Kikorian) | Ipiko (Anim) | Folopa (Teberan) | Baimuru (isolate) |
head | kikimi / kikima | epu | wotu | abe | topo | uku |
eye | ipiri / ipiro | idomai | ihi | uhino | kele | inamu |
house | mapi / mapiro | moto | mi / ve | aho | be | marea |
village | kuri / kuro | vati | yɔ / ve | vati | be | paʔiri |
place | dabu / dabo | vati | tei | vati | tiki | paʔiri |
tree | kubi / kubo | nuʔa | i | de | ni | iri |
fire | erei / eria | era | i | tae | si | iʔau |
dog | kumi / kumo | umu | ka | gaha | haɔ | oroko |
bird | kumi / kumo | kikio | ka | tipemu | ba | nako |
water | ubi / uburo | obo | u | ogo | węi | ere |
earth | ei / ero | hepu | pɛkɛ / hapu | goʔeto | hae | kae |
base | makiri / makiro | mabu | mate | kama | baale | ʔaia |
sago | i / iro | du | kɛi | du | o | pu |
1s pronoun | ámò | mo | i / na | no | e̜ | na |
2s pronoun | do | ro | iki / ka | vo (< ɣo) | ya̜ | ni |
3s pronoun | da | nu | a | ete / itu / eto | a̜ | u |
1p pronoun | àmò | nimo | name | ni | da̜ | ene |
2p pronoun | a | rio | kame | ho | dia̜ | noro |
3p pronoun | abo | ni | ame | iti | atima | oro |
Comparison of Porome's phonological inventory with those of neighboring languages:[4]
References
- ^ Porome at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
- ^ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.
- ^ a b c d e Petterson, Robert. 2019. Interesting Features of Porome: An Isolate Language of PNG. Paper presented at the LSPNG 2019 Conference. 30pp.
- ^ Petterson, Robert. 2010. Porome Daporo Avea Buka = Porome Language Picture Dictionary. Ukarumpa: SIL-PNG.
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.