List of sovereign states in 1648
Sovereign states
A
- Abkhazia – Principality of Abkhazia
Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
Andorra – Principality of Andorra- Ahom – Ahom Kingdom
- Arakkal – Kingdom of Cannanore
Avar – Avar Khanate
Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom
B
- Bajhang
- Bastar – Bastar State
- Benin – Benin Empire
- Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
- Bono – Bono state
Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei- Bukhara – Khanate of Bukhara
- Burma – Burmese Empire
C
- Calicut – Zamorin of Calicut
Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia- Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
- China – Great Qing Empire
- Chamba – Chamba State
- Champa – Kingdom of Champa
- Chitradurga – Chitradurga Nayak Kingdom
- Chutiya – Chutiya Kingdom
- Circassia
- Cochin – Kingdom of Cochin
- Cooch Behar – Cooch Behar State
Cospaia – Republic of Cospaia
D
- Đại Việt – Kingdom of Đại Việt
- Dendi – Dendi Kingdom
Denmark-Norway – United Kingdoms of Denmark and Norway- Dhenkanal – Dhenkanal State
- Dremoshong – Kingdom of Dremoshong
- Durdzuki
- Dzungar – Dzungar Khanate
E
F
France – Kingdom of France
G
- Garhwal – Garhwal Kingdom
- Garo – Kingdom of Garo
- Gazikumukh – Gazikumukh Khanate
Genoa – Republic of Genoa- Gingee – Gingee Nayak Kingdom
- Gorkha – Gorkha Kingdom
H
- Hawwara
Holy Roman Empire – Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation 
Austria – Archduchy of Austria
Bavaria – Electorate of Bavaria
Brandenburg – Margraviate of Brandenburg (in personal union with Prussia)
Cologne – Electorate of Cologne
Electoral Palatinate – County Palatine of the Rhine
Lorraine – Duchy of Lorraine
Mainz – Electorate of Mainz
Saxony – Electorate of Saxony
Trier – Electorate of Trier
Württemberg – Duchy of Württemberg
I
J
- Jaintia – Jaintia Kingdom
- Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
- Japan – Tokugawa shogunate
- Johor – Sultanate of Johor
- Jolof – Kingdom of Jolof
- Jumla
K
- Kabardia – Principality of Kabardia
- Kachar – Kachari Kingdom
- Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
- Kalahandi – Kalahandi State
Kalmyk – Kalmyk Khanate
Kangleipak – Kangleipak State- Kangra – Kangra State
- Kandy – Kingdom of Kandy
- Kanker – Kanker State
- Kazakh – Kazakh Khanate
- Keladi – Keladi Nayak Kingdom
- Keonjhar – Keonjhar State
- Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
- Khoshut – Khoshut Khanate
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo- Korea – Kingdom of Joseon
- Koya – Kingdom of Koya
- Kuba – Kuba Kingdom
- Kumaon – Kumaon Kingdom
L
M
- Madurai – Madurai Nayak dynasty
Malta – Order of Saint John
Mantua – Duchy of Mantua- Massa – Principality of Massa
Masserano – Principality of Masserano- Mayurbhanj – Mayurbhanj State
Modena – Duchy of Modena and Reggio
Monaco – Principality of Monaco
Montferrat – Duchy of Montferrat
Morocco – Saadi Sultanate- Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U
Mughal Empire- Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore
N
- Ndongo – Kingdom of Ndongo
- Nepal – Malla dynasty of Nepal
Netherlands – Republic of the Seven United Netherlands- Ngoyo – Kingdom of Ngoyo
Noli – Republic of Noli
O
- Odanad
Oman – Imamate of Oman- Ossetia
Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State- Oyo – Oyo Empire
P
Papal States – State of the Church
Parma – Duchy of Parma- Patna – Patna State
- Piombino – Principality of Piombino
Poland–Lithuania – Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Prussia – Duchy of Prussia (in personal union with Brandenburg)
R
S
San Marino – Republic of San Marino
Savoy – Duchy of Savoy
Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland (in personal union with England)
Seborga – Principality of Seborga- Senarica – Republic of Senarica
- Sennar – Funj sultanate of Sinnar
- Sonepur – Sonepur State
- Southern Ming – Great Ming Empire
Spain – Monarchy of Spain[a]- Suket – Suket State
Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
Sweden – Swedish Empire- Switzerland – Swiss Confederacy
T
- Tarki – Shamkhalate of Tarki
- Thanjavur – Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom
Torriglia – Marquisate of Torriglia
Tuscany – Grand Duchy of Tuscany- Twipra – Twipra Kingdom
U
V
W
Y
Non-sovereign territories
England
Notes
- ^ Philip IV sometimes used the title of "King of Spain", but actually ruled over a dynastic union consisting of the Crown of Aragon (Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Mallorca, Naples, Sardinia, and Sicily), the Crown of Castile (Castile and León) and the Spanish Netherlands. This empire did not have a national flag in 1648.
