List of Turkish operations in northern Iraq
Turkish operations in Northern Iraq | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict; Iraqi Kurdish Civil War | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
Turkey Previous: | PKK Previous: | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
400+ killed[5] | 8,000+ killed 1,700 captured,[5] | ||||||
6,800+ displaced[6] |
- v
- t
- e
- First insurgency
- 1984
- Karageçit
- N Iraq (1986)
- Ortabağ
- N Iraq (1987)
- Pınarcık
- Yeşilova
- Taşdelen
- Şırnak
- Kulp
- N Iraq (1992)
- Bingöl
- Başbağlar
- Lice
- Winter campaign
- Steel
- Tokat
- Hawk
- Tunceli
- Varto
- Sazak
- Hammer
- Dawn
- Murat
- Istanbul
- Second insurgency
- Hakkâri (2007)
- N Iraq (2007)
- Ankara
- Aktütün
- Diyarbakır
- Sun
- Reşadiye
- İskenderun
- Hakkâri
- Istanbul
- 2011 border raid
- Hakkâri (2011)
- Roboski
- Hakkâri (2012)
- Beytüşşebap
- Şemdinli
- Third insurgency
- Ceylanpınar
- Siirt bombing
- Martyr Yalçın
- Arslan Kulaksız
- Şırnak
- Cizre (2015)
- Cizre (2016)
- Kandil
- Hakkari
- Silvan
- 2015 airport bombing
- Ankara (Feb 2016)
- Ankara (Mar 2016)
- Bursa
- Istanbul (Jun 2016)
- Istanbul (Oct 2016)
- Istanbul (Dec 2016)
- N Iraq (2016)
- Elazığ
- Cizre
- Euphrates Shield
- Şemdinli
- Kayseri
- İzmir
- Airstrikes in Syria & Iraq
- Olive Branch
- Siirt raid
- Sinjar (2018)
- Gercüş
- Claw
- Peace Spring
- Claw-Eagle & Claw-Tiger
- İskenderun
- Claw-Eagle 2
- Claw-Lightning & Thunderbolt
- Sinjar (2021)
- Claw-Lock
- Istanbul (2022)
- Claw-Sword
- Syria (2023 June)
- Ankara (2023)
- Syria (2023 Oct)
- Peace process and peace efforts
- 1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish peace initiatives
- 1993 Kurdistan Workers' Party ceasefire
- 2013–2015 Solution process
- Others
The Kurdish-Turkish conflict spilled over into Iraqi Kurdistan in 1983,[7] and has continued there intermittently since. The Turkish Armed Forces has launched a series of operations in Northern Iraq against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).[8] More than 37,000 people have been killed in the conflict since 1984.[9]
The operations resulted in a permanent Turkish presence in northern Iraq since 2018.[10] The Iraqi government at one time viewed these operations as a violation of Iraq's sovereignty,[11] with President Barham Salih demanding from Turkey their end, and the withdrawal of all of the Turkish armed forces from his country's territory.[12]
Date | Operation | TAF Fatalities (Wounded) | PKK Fatalities (Captured) |
---|---|---|---|
5 October 1992 – 15 November 1992 | Operation Northern Iraq | 28 (125) | 1,551 (1,232) |
20 March 1995 – 4 May 1995 | Operation Steel | 64 (185) | 555 (13) |
12 May 1997 – 7 July 1997 | Operation Hammer | 114 (338) | 2,730 (418) |
25 September 1997 – 15 October 1997 | Operation Dawn | 31 (91) | 865 (37) |
21 February 2008 – 29 February 2008 | Operation Sun | 27[13][14][15] | 240 |
25 April 2017 | 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq | 0 | 33 |
28 May 2019 – 14 June 2020 | Operation Claw | 17[16] | 417[17] |
17 April 2022 – Present | Operation Claw Lock | 83 | 995 |
Total: | 282 (739) | 6,417 (2,700) |
See also
- Kurdish–Turkish_conflict_(1978–present) §External operations
References
- ^ a b Iraq – Kurds (1961 – first combat deaths) Archived 2007-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, January 2005
- ^ a b Turkey (1984–2002) Archived 2011-02-07 at the Wayback Machine, March 2003
- ^ "Page 2" (PDF). Retrieved 29 May 2023.
- ^ "The Arab Spring, ITS Effects on the Kurds, and the Approaches of Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq on the Kurdish Issue". Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ^ a b "Ve Sonuç". Hürriyet. Retrieved 11 October 2007.
- ^ "Timeline Turkey 1962-2008". Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
- ^ "Irak'a yapılan en büyük kara harekatı". Archived from the original on 14 January 2015.
- ^ "Council Decision", Council of the European Union, December 21, 2005
- ^ "Kurdish rebels kill Turkey troops". BBC News. 8 April 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
- ^ Yousif Ismael (18 May 2020). "Turkey's Growing Military Presence in the Kurdish Region of Iraq". Washington Institute. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
- ^ Hermann, Rainer. "Operation im Nordirak: Bagdad erzürnt über türkische Offensive gegen die PKK". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
- ^ "Iraq's president says Turkey's offensive into KRG 'a threat to our national security'". Bianet. 19 April 2022.
- ^ "Twenty-five killed in clashes between Turkish soldiers, PKK - Monster…". Archived from the original on 4 September 2012.
- ^ "38 killed in PKK attack on Turkish border posts - Thaindian News". Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
- ^ "Armed Conflicts Report - Turkey". Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
- ^ 2 killed (30 May 2019),[1] 1 killed (19 July 2019 per turkey),[2] 3 killed (25 Aug. 2019),[3] 2 killed (23 Sep. 2019),[4] 1 died (28 Oct. 2019),[5] 1 killed (2 Dec. 2019),[6] 2 killed (2 Jan. 2020),[7] 2 killed (14 Jan. 2020),[8] 2 killed (25 March 2020),[9] 1 killed (15 April 2020),[10] total of 17 reported killed
- ^ "New phase begins in Turkey's northern Iraq operation". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 29 May 2023.