List of Dacian towns and fortresses
This is a list of ancient Dacian towns and fortresses from all the territories once inhabited by Dacians, Getae and Moesi. The large majority of them are located in the traditional territory of the Dacian Kingdom at the time of Burebista. This area includes the present-day countries of Romania and Moldova, as well as parts of mostly southern and eastern Ukraine, Slovakia,[1] Poland and Hungary, as well as ancient Moesia (Eastern Serbia, Northern Bulgaria). However some isolated settlements are located in Dalmatia (modern Albania and Croatia) as is the case of Thermidava,[2][3] or in Dardania as is Quemedava.[3]
The Dacian towns are also called davae (singular dava) since many names were composed of an initial lexical element affixed to -dava, -daua, -deva, -deba, -daba, or -dova, which meant "city", "town" or "fortress"" in the Dacian language (<PIE *dhe-, "to set, place"[4] or *dhewa, "settlement"[5]). Generally, the name indicated a tribal center or an important settlement, usually fortified.
The known towns names have been are attested by Ptolemy (1st century AD) and other ancient writers, but many have not been identified in the field yet. Conversely, there are many recent discoveries of Dacian settlements and fortresses, but most of them have no assigned names yet.
Some of the Dacian settlements and the fortresses employed the traditional Murus Dacicus (Dacian Wall) construction technique.
Table
| Picture | Name | Tribe | Founded | Attested by | Area (ha) | Discovery | Location | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Acidava[6] (Acidaua[4][7]) | ? | ? | Tabula Peutingeriana[7][8] | ? | ? | Enoșești[9] |  Romania |
 | Acmonia (Ancient Greek: Ἀκμωνία, romanized: Akmonia;[10][11] Agnaviae;[12][13] Agmonia[14][13]) | ? | ? | Ptolemy's Geographia;[10][11] Tabula Peutingeriana;[12][13] Ravenna Cosmography[14][13] | ? | ? | between Marga and Zăvoi[15] | Romania |
| | Aedava[16] (Ancient Greek: Ἀέδαβα[17][4]) | ? | Unknown; Justinian (r. 527–565) restored the damaged portion of the town defenses[17] | Procopius, De Aedificiis[17][4] | ? | ? | on the Danubian road between Augustae and Variana[17][4] |  Bulgaria |
| | Aiadava | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Bela Palanka |  Serbia |
| | Aizis | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Fârliug | Romania |
| | Amutria | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Romania |
| | Apulon | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Alba Iulia | Romania |
| | Arcina | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Romania |
| | Arcobadara | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Romania |
| | (Mala Kopania) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Mala Kopania |  Ukraine |
| | (Zemplín) | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Zemplín |  Slovakia |
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See also
- List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia
- Dacia
- Dacians
- Romanian archaeology
- List of castra in Dacia
- List of castles in Romania
Notes
- ^ Husovská (1998) 13
- ^ Five Roman emperors: Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Nerva, Trajan, A.D. 69-117 - by Bernard William Henderson - 1969, page 278,"At Thermidava he was warmly greeted by folk quite obviously Dacians"
- ^ a b Illyés 1988, p. 223.
- ^ a b c d e Olteanu LTDM - Toponyms.
- ^ Polomé 1982, p. 886.
- ^ Grumeza 2009, p. 13.
- ^ a b Tabula Peutingeriana, Segmentum VII,5.
- ^ Schütte 1917, p. 81.
- ^ Bowman, Garnsey & Cameron 2005, p. 745.
- ^ a b Ptolemy & 140 AD, III 8,4.
- ^ a b Olteanu LTDM - Ptolemy's Dacia.
- ^ a b Tabula Peutingeriana, Segmentum VII,4.
- ^ a b c d Olteanu LTDM - IPA.
- ^ a b Ravenna Cosmography, IV 14,203.
- ^ Rusu 1997, p. 191.
- ^ Velkov 1977, p. 92.
- ^ a b c d Procopius & 550 AD, IV 2,6.
References
Ancient
- Anonymous. Tabula Peutingeriana (in Latin).
- Anonymous (c. 600s). Ravenna Cosmography (in Latin). Ravenna.
- Procopius (c. 550). De Aedificiis [The Buildings of Justinian] (in Ancient Greek).
- Ptolemy, Claudius (c. 140). Geographia [Geography] (in Ancient Greek). Sumptibus et typis Caroli Tauchnitii.
Modern
- Bowman, Alan Keir; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil (2005). The Cambridge Ancient History. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 12: The Crisis of Empire, A.D. 193–337. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521301992.
- Grumeza, Ion (2009). Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe. Hamilton Books. ISBN 0761844651.
The shores of the Danube were well monitored from the Dacian fortresses Acidava, Buricodava, Dausadava (the shrine of the wolves), Diacum, Drobeta (Turnu Severin), Nentivava (Oltenita), Suvidava (Corabia), Tsirista, Tierna/Dierna (Orsova) and what is today Zimnicea. Downstream were also other fortresses: Axiopolis (Cernadova), Barbosi, Buteridava, Capidava(Topalu), Carsium(Harsova), Durostorum(Silistra), Sacidava/Sagadava (Dunareni) along with still others...
- Illyés, Elemér (1988). Ethnic continuity in the Carpatho-Danubian area. East European Monographs. East European Monographs. ISBN 978-0880331463.
- Olteanu, Sorin. "Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Itinerarium Pictum Annotatum". Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum (in Romanian and English). Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- Olteanu, Sorin. "Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Ptolemy's Dacia". Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum (in Romanian and English). Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
- Olteanu, Sorin. "Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms". Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum (in Romanian and English). Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
- Polomé, Edgar Charles (1982). "20e". In Boardman, John (ed.). The Cambridge Ancient History. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans, and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22496-3.
- Rusu, Mircea (1997). "3". Istoria României. Transilvania (PDF) (in Romanian). Vol. 1. Cluj-Napoca: Editura "George Barițiu". Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-09.
- Schütte, Gudmund (1917). Ptolemy's maps of northern Europe: a reconstruction of the prototypes. Copenhagen: H. Hagerup.
- Velkov, Velizar Iv (1977). The Cities in Thrace and Dacia in Late Antiquity: (Studies and Materials). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Adolf M. Hakkert. ISBN 9025607233.
Further reading
- Dacian Davae in Enciclopedia Dacica (in Romanian)
- Dacian materials and construction techniques in Enciclopedia Dacica (in Romanian)
- Sorin Olteanu's Project: Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms ((in Romanian), partially (in English))
- Lists of Dacian fortresses, towns and citadels
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dacian towns.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dacian fortresses.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dacia and Dacians.
- Dacian towns and fortress - Google Maps
- Dacian towns and fortress - Google Earth
- Dacian Davae in Enciclopedia Dacica (in Romanian)
- Dacian materials and construction techniques in Enciclopedia Dacica (in Romanian)
- Sorin Olteanu's Project: Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms Section ((in Romanian), partially (in English))
- Lists of Dacian fortresses, towns and citadels
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