Kishorlal Mashruwala
Kishorlal Ghanshyamlal Mashruwala (5 October 1890 – 9 September 1952) was an Indian independence activist as well as biographer, essayist and translator. Educated in Bombay and Agra, he completed BA and LLB. He was an associate of Mahatma Gandhi and was deeply influenced by him. He extensively wrote on education, religion and philosophy as well as translated some works in Gujarati.
Biography
Early life
Mashruwala was born on 5 October 1890 in Bombay (now Mumbai) in Mashruwala family. His family belonged to Surat. He was influenced by Swaminarayan Sampraday due to his father. He started his primary education in Marathi language in Akola. His mother died when he was eight so he was raised by her aunt in Bombay where he studied in Gujarati. Following plague in Bombay, he moved to Agra for school education where he also studied Hindi and Urdu.[1]
He received BA with elective subjects of Material Science and Chemistry in 1909 from Wilson College, Bombay. He completed LLB in 1913 and practised law for three years. He married Gomatiben in 1907.[1]
Career
Mashruwala had briefly served as a secretary of Mahatma Gandhi.[2] He taught at the National School in his Sabarmati Ashram from 1917 to 1919. He served as the first Registrar of Gujarat Vidyapith which was founded by him. During this period, he was introduced to Kedarnathji by Kaka Kalelkar. He was influenced by Sahajanand Swami, Mahatma Gandhi and Kedarnathji. He participated in the Indian independence movement in 1930-32 and was imprisoned for two years by the British authorities. He served as the president of Gandhi Sewa Sangh from 1934 to 1938. Following arrest of Gandhi during the 1942 Quit India Movement, he managed Gandhi's periodical Harijan. He was again imprisoned for sometime. Following 1946, he edited Harijan till his death.[1]
He died on 9 September 1952 following asthmatic attack. He was cremated the next day at Gopuri in Wardha next to Jamnalal Bajaj's memorial.[1][3]
Works
Biographies
Mashruwala has highlighted the human elements in his biographies which include Ram Ane Krishna (Rama and Krishna, 1923), Ishu Khrist (Jesus Christ, 1925), Buddha Ane Mahavir (Buddha and Mahavira, 1926) and Sahajanand Swami (Sahajanand Swami, 1926).[4] These are written in a simple and impacting language.[5]
Essays
Mashruwala had written some works on education such as Kelavanina Paya (1925), Kelavani Vivek (1949), Kelavani Vikas (1950). He had suggested several changes and ideas in education. His works reflect Mahatma Gandhi's basic education scheme Nai Talim.[1][5]
His biggest contribution in literature belongs to his essays on religion and philosophy. Jivan Shodhan (1929) has six sections focusing on changing perspective of life. Gandhivichardohan (1932) is his work on Gandhian philosophy. Geetamanthan (1933) is a commentary on Bhagavad Gita. Streepurush Maryada (1937) collects his essays written over span of a decade and has influences of Swaminarayan Sampraday. Kagadani Najare (1947) is his satirical essays on followers of Gandhi. His Samuli Kranti (1948) includes his original thoughts and commentaries on religion, society, economics, politics and education. His two volumes of Sansar Ane Dharma (1948) include his critical views on religion.[1] Gandhi Ane Samyavad (Gandhi and Communism/Gandhi and Marx, 1951) is a collection of series of essays published in Harijan which compares Gandhism and Communism.[1][6] His Ahimsavivechan (1942) includes his articles on non-violence which has some differences of ideas from Gandhi.[1]
Translations
Mashruwala has translated several works in Gujarati including Kahlil Gibran's The Prophet as Vidayni Velae (1935), John Morley's On Compromise as Satyamay Jivan (1933), Leo Tolstoy's The Light Shines in the Darkness as Timirma Prabha (1936), Maurice Maeterlinck's The Life of the White Ant as Udhainu Jivan (1940). He has also poetically translated Bhagavad Gita in Gujarati as Gitadhwani (1933). During his imprisonment in 1942, he co-translated Perry Burgess' Who Walk Alone as Manavi Khandiyero (1946) with Kaka Kalelkar.[1][5]
His associate Narhari Parikh has written his biography Shreyarthini Sadhana (1953).[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Brahmabhatt, Prasad (2007). અર્વાચીન ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યનો ઈતિહાસ (ગાંધીયુગ અને અનુગાંધી યુગ) Arvachin Gujarati Sahityano Itihas (Gandhiyug Ane Anugandhi Yug) [History of Modern Gujarati Literature (Gandhi Era & Post-Gandhi Era)] (in Gujarati). Ahmedabad: Parshwa Publication. pp. 52–57, 63.
- ^ Chokshi, U. M.; Trivedi, M. R. (1991). Gujarat State Gazetteer. Vol. II. Director, Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State. p. 399.
- ^ The Modern Review. Vol. 91–92. Prabasi Press Private, Limited. 1952. p. 272.
- ^ Acharya, Kantilal. "Kishorlal Mashruwala" કિશોરલાલ મશરૂવાળા. Gujarati Sahitya Parishad (in Gujarati). Retrieved 30 March 2020.
- ^ a b c Broker, Gulabdas (1971). "Chapter 4: Gujarati". Maharashtra Gazetteers: Language and Literature (PDF). Maharashtra State Gazetteers. Mumbai: Directorate of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State. pp. 365–366.
- ^ Datta, Amaresh (1988). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti. Sahitya Akademi. p. 1351. ISBN 978-81-260-1194-0.
- v
- t
- e
and movements
- Indian Ambulance Corps
- Tolstoy Farm
- Bardoli Satyagraha
- Champaran Satyagraha
- Kheda Satyagraha
- Indian independence movement
- Non-cooperation movement
- Chauri Chaura incident
- Purna Swaraj
- Salt March
- Dharasana Satyagraha
- Vaikom Satyagraha
- Aundh Experiment
- Gandhi–Irwin Pact
- Second Round Table Conference
- Padayatra
- Poona Pact
- Natal Indian Congress
- Quit India
- Gujarat Vidyapith University
- Harijan Sevak Sangh
- India ashrams (Kochrab
- Sabarmati
- Sodepur Khadi
- Sevagram)
- List of fasts
- Assassination
- Harijan
- Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule)
- Indian Opinion
- The Story of My Experiments with Truth
- Mangal Prabhat
- Young India
- Seven Social Sins
- Navajivan Trust
- Gandhi Heritage Portal
- "A Letter to a Hindu"
- Ahimsa (nonviolence)
- Bhagavad Gita
- Henry David Thoreau (Civil Disobedience (essay))
- Civil disobedience
- Fasting
- Hinduism
- Khadi
- John Ruskin
- Parsee Rustomjee
- Leo Tolstoy (The Kingdom of God Is Within You) (The Masque of Anarchy)
- Narmad
- Pacifism
- Sermon on the Mount
- Shravan
- Shrimad Rajchandra
- Henry Stephens Salt
- Tirukkuṛaḷ
- Unto This Last
- "Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram"
- "Ekla Chalo Re"
- "Hari Tuma Haro"
- "Vaishnava Jana To"
- Vegetarianism
- Swami Anand
- C. F. Andrews
- Jamnalal Bajaj
- Shankarlal Banker
- Sarla Behn
- Vinoba Bhave
- Brij Krishna Chandiwala
- Sudhakar Chaturvedi
- Jugatram Dave
- Mahadev Desai
- Dada Dharmadhikari
- Kanu Gandhi
- Shiv Prasad Gupta
- Umar Hajee Ahmed Jhaveri
- J. C. Kumarappa
- Hermann Kallenbach
- Abdul Ghaffar Khan
- Acharya Kripalani
- Mirabehn
- Mohanlal Pandya
- Vallabhbhai Patel
- Narhari Parikh
- Mithuben Petit
- Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
- Bibi Amtus Salam
- Sonja Schlesin
- Anugrah Narayan Sinha
- Sri Krishna Sinha
- Rettamalai Srinivasan
- V. A. Sundaram
- Abbas Tyabji
- Ravishankar Vyas
- Kishorlal Mashruwala
- Karamchand Gandhi (father)
- Kasturba (wife)
- Harilal (son)
- Manilal (son)
- Ramdas (son)
- Devdas (son)
- Maganlal (cousin)
- Samaldas (nephew)
- Arun (grandson)
- Ela (granddaughter)
- Rajmohan (grandson)
- Gopalkrishna (grandson)
- Ramchandra (grandson)
- Kanu (grandson)
- Kanu (grandnephew)
- Tushar (great-grandson)
- Leela (great-granddaughter)
- 14th Dalai Lama
- Aung San Suu Kyi
- Abhay Bang
- Abdul Ghaffar Khan
- Brajkishore Prasad
- C. Rajagopalachari
- Eknath Easwaran
- Draupadi Murmu
- François Bayrou
- Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
- Govind Vallabh Pant
- Ho Chi Minh
- James Bevel
- James Lawson
- Jawaharlal Nehru
- Joan Bondurant
- Lal Bahadur Shastri
- Lanza del Vasto
- Maulana Azad
- Martin Luther King Jr.
- Maria Lacerda de Moura
- Mehdi Bazargan
- Morarji Desai
- Narendra Modi
- Nelson Mandela
- Rajendra Prasad
- Ramjee Singh
- Steve Biko
- Sane Guruji
- Vinoba Bhave
- Vallabhbhai Patel
Statues | |
---|---|
Observances | |
Other |
|