Imperial anthems of the Ottoman Empire
Overview of the imperial anthems of the Ottoman Empire
Mahmudiye Marşı
Mecidiye Marşı
Aziziye Marşı
Hamidiye Marşı
Reşadiye Marşı
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The Ottoman Empire used anthems since its foundation in the late 13th century, but did not use a specific imperial or national anthem until the 19th century. During the reign of Mahmud II, when the military and imperial band were re-organized along Western European lines, Giuseppe Donizetti was invited to head the process. Donizetti Pasha, as he was known in the Ottoman Empire, composed the first Western European-style imperial anthem, the Mahmudiye Marşı.
As was the case in many 19th-century monarchies, such as the Austrian Empire, the anthem of the Ottoman Empire was an imperial anthem, not a national one, so it paid homage to a specific ruler. However, unlike Western Europe, where the same music was used with modified lyrics (e.g. Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser and Marche Henri IV), a new anthem was composed after each Ottoman imperial succession.
- Mahmudiye Marşı, March of Mahmud – for Mahmud II (1829–1839, 1918–1922), by Giuseppe Donizetti[1]
- Mecidiye Marşı, March of Mecid – for Abdulmejid I (1839–1861), by Giuseppe Donizetti[2]
- Aziziye Marşı, March of Aziz – for Abdülaziz (1861–1876), by Callisto Guatelli[3]
- Hamidiye Marşı, March of Hamid – for Abdul Hamid II (1876–1909), by Necip Paşa[4][5]
- Reşadiye Marşı, March of Reşad – for Mehmed V (1909–1918), by Italo Selvelli[6]
After the start of the imperial anthem tradition, two Sultans did not have specific anthems composed. The first was Murad V, who reigned for 3 months in 1876, and the second was the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, who used the Mahmudiye Marşı anthem.
Only the Hamidiye Marşı and Reşadiye Marşı had lyrics, the first three anthems being purely instrumental. The lyrics of the Reşadiye Marşı seem to have been lost to history.[citation needed]
Lyrics [Ottoman Turkish]
Ey velîni'met-i âlem şehinşâh-ı cihan
Taht-ı âlî baht-ı Osmaniye verdin izz ü şan
Sâye-i lûtf-i hümayûnunla âlem kâm-ran
Saltanatta çok zaman Sultan Hamid zevk et heman
Çok yaşa ey padişahım devletinle çok yaşa
Çok yaşa ey padişahım şevketinle çok yaşa[7]
Lyrics [English]
O benefactor of the world, the world's crowning glory
You gave the throne of the Ottoman Empire honor and glory
With your imperial favor, the world will be in awe
Sultan Hamid, reign happily for a long time
Long live O sultan, long live your state
Long live O sultan, long live your majesty[8]
See also
- İstiklâl Marşı, national anthem of the Republic of Turkey
- Ottoman military band
- Culture of the Ottoman Empire
- Ottoman classical music
References
External links
- Music Sheet of the Ottoman National March – Page 1
- Music Sheet of the Ottoman National March – Page 2
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Former anthems of Europe
- Austria (then Austria-Hungary, 1797–1918)
- Austria (1920–29)
- Austria (1929–38)
- Baden (1865–71)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–98)
- Bulgaria (1885–1947)
- Bulgaria (1947–51)
- Bulgaria (1951–64)
- Czechoslovakia (1918–92)
- Danzig (1920–39)
- France (1590–1792)
- France (1804–14, 1815)
- France (1814–15, 1815–30)
- France (1830–48)
- France (1848–52)
- France (1852–70)
- Germany (1871–1918)
- Germany (1933–45)
- East Germany (1949–90)
- West Germany (1949–52)
- Italy (1861–1946)
- Italy (1943–1945)
- Montenegro (1870—1918)
- Netherlands (1815–1932)
- Norway (1782–1820)
- Norway (1820–64)
- Ottoman Empire 1829–1923
- Papal States (then Vatican City, 1857–1949)
- Portugal (1809–1834)
- Portugal (1834–1910)
- Prussia (1830–40)
- Romania (1862–1884)
- Romania (1884–1948)
- Romania (1948–53)
- Romania (1953–75)
- Romania (1975–77)
- Romania (1977–90)
- San Marino (to 1894)
- Sardinia (1830s–61)
- Slovakia (1939–45)
- Slovenia (1919–89)
- Spain (1931–39)
- Switzerland (1848–1961)
- Two Sicilies (1815–61)
- Württemberg (1806–71)
- Yugoslavia (1919–41)
- Yugoslavia (then Serbia and Montenegro, 1945–2006)
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