Henry S. Clubb
- Minister
- activist
- journalist
- author
- politician
Henry Stephen Clubb (June 21, 1827 – October 29, 1921) was an English-American Swedenborgian, abolitionist, chartist, journalist and author, who was state senator for Michigan, and founder and first President of the Vegetarian Society of America (VSA).
Biography
Clubb was born on June 21, 1827, in Colchester, England.[1][2] He had at least one brother, Robert, and one sister, Sarah Anne. His father, Stephen Clubb, was a Swedenborgian and raised his son in the same faith. Both of his parents were vegetarians for a time;[1] they were also members of the Vegetarian Society.[3] Clubb was inspired to become a vegetarian by W. Gibson Ward's visits to his father's home, where he listened to Ward's vivid descriptions of the horrors and cruelties of the slaughterhouse.[3]
Clubb was working as a clerk at the post office when he heard about a London-based commercial traveler named William Ward about a community called the Concordium and practicing an alternative lifestyle. This community, later called Alcott House was found in Ham Common, and influenced by transcendentalism. In 1842, Clubb joined this community. His journey there was via London, his first visit to the English capital and his first journey by train. After the project failed, he moved to London and worked with James Simpson, a cowherdite and vegetarian. In 1850, he joined the Bible Christian Church, a sect founded by William Cowherd. He also became the local secretary of the Vegetarian Society in Salford.[4]
In 1853, Clubb emigrated to the United States and initially found work as a journalist in New York, where he worked alongside Charles A. Dana for the New-York Tribune.[5] As an abolitionist and pacifist, he lectured against slavery.[6]
Clubb married Anne Barbara Henderson on November 15, 1855, in Allegan, Michigan;[3] they had three daughters.[7]
Between 1856 and 1857, he was involved with Charles DeWolfe and John McLaurin in building a utopian community known as Octagon City, Kansas. This project was originally designed as a vegetarian colony, but changed its focus to promoting a highly moral society with the octagon as its basic architectural structure, as propagated by Orson Fowler. The project failed due to mosquitoes, malnutrition, grain thefts and general exhaustion in the inhospitable terrain.[4]
In the American Civil War, Clubb fought for the Union Army as a quartermaster. He took part in the Siege of Vicksburg, with his wife accompanying him. Clubb was hit by a bullet, but survived because the bullet was slowed down when it passed through his pocket which was filled with money and his naturalization papers, which were destroyed.[5]
Living in Grand Haven, Michigan, he published the Grand Haven Herald newspaper, and served as state senator from the 29th District from 1873 to 1874.[8]
Clubb briefly returned to England in 1901, visiting Salford. He published Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian in 1903, describing his reasoning for following a vegetarian lifestyle.[9] In 1907, he decided to write a history of vegetarianism, to be published in the Chicago Vegetarian Magazine.[4] Clubb's wife died in 1915.[3]
Clubb died in Philadelphia, on October 29, 1921, at the age of 94.[3] He is buried at Oakwood Cemetery, Sharon, Pennsylvania, with his wife and daughters.[2]
Vegetarian Society of America
Clubb founded the Vegetarian Society of America (VSA) in 1886 and became its first president. He published a cookbook for the organization and founded its magazine Food, Home and Garden.[4] In 1893, Clubb was largely responsible for the success of the International Congress for Vegetarians at the Chicago World's Fair.[3]
In 1900, the VSA merged with the Chicago Vegetarian Society.[10] The VSA's Food, Home and Garden was renamed The Vegetarian and Our Fellow Creatures (1901–1903), The Vegetarian Magazine (1903–1925), The Vegetarian Magazine and Fruitarian (1925-1926) and The Vegetarian and Fruitarian (1926–1934).[10]
Selected publications
- The Maine Liquor Law: Its Origin, History, and Results, Including a Life of Hon. Neal Dow (1856)
- Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian (1903)
- Unpolished Rice, the Staple Food of the Orient (1905)
References
- ^ a b "Henry S. Clubb letterbook; Payne and Swiney letterbook 1836-1840, 1865". William L. Clements Library. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- ^ a b "Henry Clubb, 1827-1921". Chartist Ancestors. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f History of the Philadelphia Bible-christian Church for the First Century of Its Existence, from 1817 to 1917. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott co. 1922. pp. 67–89.
- ^ a b c d Gregory, James (Summer 2001). "A Michigander, A Patriot and Gentleman". KanColl's Online Magazine. Archived from the original on 28 July 2002. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- ^ a b A., E. (January 1896). "The Rev. Henry S. Clubb". Vegetarian Messenger. Manchester.
- ^ Iacobbo, Karen; Iacobbo, Michael (2004). Vegetarian America: A History. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 89–91. ISBN 978-0-275-97519-7.
- ^ "1896 Rev. Henry Stephens Clubb Autographed Photo, Vegetarian Activist". Ancestorville Genealogy. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
- ^ Michigan Official Directory and Legislative Manual 1923-24 (section: "Members of Michigan Legislature from 1835 to 1922 Inclusive", pp. 94–190; Clubb is on p. 97). Lansing, Michigan: Published by the State of Michigan Under the Direction of Charles J. DeLand, Secretary of State
- ^ Clubb, Henry Stephen (1903). Thirty-nine reasons why I am a vegetarian. Vegetarian Society of America.
- ^ a b Puskar-Pasewicz, Margaret. (2010). Cultural Encyclopedia of Vegetarianism. Greenwood. p. 180. ISBN 9780313375569
Further reading
- Heiman, Kelly (11 June 2010). The Not-So Wild West: The Rise and Fall of Vegetarian Settlements in 19th century Kansas.
- Day, Meagan (26 December 2017). "The abolitionist, vegetarian, octagon-obsessed utopia that never was". Timeline.
- Kniggendorf, Anne (14 July 2019). "Meet the Well-meaning Pioneer Behind a Vegetarian 'fairy Land' in Kansas". KCUR-FM 89.3.
External links
- Media from Commons
- Texts from Wikisource
- Works by Henry S. Clubb at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- The Vegetarians - episode 13 of The Vegan Option podcast discusses the life of Henry S. Clubb
- Henry S. Clubb at Find a Grave
- v
- t
- e
Veganism | |
---|---|
Vegetarianism | |
Lists |
Secular | |
---|---|
Religious |
and drink
- Agave syrup
- Chicken fillet roll
- Coconut burger
- Coconut milk
- Fruits
- Grains
- Gelatin substitutes
- Jambon
- Meat alternative
- Miso
- Mochi
- Mock duck
- Nutritional yeast
- Plant cream
- Plant milk
- Quinoa
- Quorn
- Seitan
- Soy yogurt
- Tempeh
- Tofu
- Tofurkey
- Cheese
- Vegepet
- Vegetables
- Hot dog
- Vegetarian mark
- Sausage
- Sausage roll
- Beer
- Wine
- Veggie burger
and events
reports,
journals
- On Abstinence from Eating Animals (3rd century)
- An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty (1802)
- Vegetable Cookery (1812)
- A Vindication of Natural Diet (1813)
- Reasons for not Eating Animal Food (1814)
- Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
- Nature's Own Book (1835)
- Fruits and Farinacea (1845)
- The Pleasure Boat (1845)
- The Ethics of Diet (1883)
- What is Vegetarianism? (1886)
- Shelley's Vegetarianism (1891)
- Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses (1892)
- Why I Am a Vegetarian (1895)
- Figs or Pigs? (1896)
- Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian (1903)
- The Meat Fetish (1904)
- The New Ethics (1907)
- A Fleshless Diet (1910)
- The Benefits of Vegetarianism (1927)
- Living the Good Life (1954)
- Ten Talents (1968)
- Diet for a Small Planet (1971)
- The Vegetarian Epicure (1972)
- Moosewood Collective Cookbooks (1973)
- The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook (1975)
- Laurel's Kitchen (1976)
- Moosewood Cookbook (1977)
- Fit for Life (1985)
- Diet for a New America (1987)
- The Sexual Politics of Meat (1990)
- Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone (1997)
- The China Study (2005)
- Skinny Bitch (2005)
- Livestock's Long Shadow (2006)
- The Bloodless Revolution (2006)
- Eating Animals (2009)
- Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows (2009)
- The Vegan Studies Project (2015)
- Animal (De)liberation (2016)
- The End of Animal Farming (2018)
- Vegetable Kingdom (2020)
- Making a Stand for Animals (2022)
- Meat Atlas (annual)
- The Animals Film (1981)
- Diet for a New America (film) (1991)
- A Cow at My Table (1998)
- Meet Your Meat (2002)
- Post Punk Kitchen (2003–2005)
- Peaceable Kingdom (2004)
- Earthlings (2005)
- A Sacred Duty (2007)
- Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead (2010)
- Planeat (2010)
- Forks Over Knives (2011)
- Vegucated (2011)
- Live and Let Live (2013)
- Cowspiracy (2014)
- PlantPure Nation (2015)
- What the Health (2017)
- Carnage (2017)
- Dominion (2018)
- Eating You Alive (2018)
- The Game Changers (2018)
- You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment (2024)
authors,
physicians
cookbook authors
- Nava Atlas
- Mayim Bialik
- Gypsy Boots
- BOSH!
- Edward Espe Brown
- Tabitha Brown (actress)
- Suzy Amis Cameron
- Hannah Che
- Pinky Cole
- Chloe Coscarelli
- Yamuna Devi
- Sue Donaldson
- Crescent Dragonwagon
- Rose Elliot
- Rip Esselstyn
- Carol Lee Flinders
- Dick Gregory
- Richa Hingle
- Madhur Jaffrey
- Mollie Katzen
- Frances Moore Lappé
- Deborah Madison
- Linda McCartney
- Mary McCartney
- Tracye McQuirter
- Joanne Lee Molinaro
- Moosewood Collective
- Isa Chandra Moskowitz
- Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
- Gaz Oakley
- Colleen Patrick-Goudreau
- Mathew Pritchard
- Satchidananda Saraswati
- Derek Sarno
- Miyoko Schinner
- Alicia Silverstone
- Bryant Terry
- Anna Thomas
- Haile Thomas
- Lauren Toyota
- Jeeca Uy
- Umberto Veronesi
- Nisha Vora
- Alan Wakeman
- Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli
- Cinnaholic
- Crossroads Kitchen
- Greens Restaurant
- Little Pine (restaurant)
- Slutty Vegan
- Souley Vegan
- Veggie Grill