Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa
Don Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa | |
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4th Governor and Captain-General of the Philippines | |
In office April 1580 – 10 March 1583 | |
Monarch | Philip II of Spain |
Governor | (Viceroy of New Spain) Martín Enríquez de Almanza Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza, 5th Count of Coruña |
Preceded by | Francisco de Sande |
Succeeded by | Diego Ronquillo |
Personal details | |
Born | Arévalo, Spain |
Died | 10 March 1583 Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines |
Parents |
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Signature | |
Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa (died 10 March 1583),[1] sometimes spelled as Gonçalo Ronquillo Peñaloza, was the fourth Spanish governor and captain-general of the Philippines from April 1580 until his death in 1583. He was succeeded by his nephew, Diego Ronquillo. Before arriving in the Philippines he served as Royal Court Marshal in Mexico.
Governorship
His first official action was to order Manila to become Philippines's political and economic capital in 1582. That same year, he established the Palacio del Gobernador (Governor's Palace) in Intramuros, Manila to integrate all governmental activities in the Philippines.[2]
On 30 March 1582 he issued a decree stating that no person may leave the country without his permission. Ronquillo de Peñalosa, according to the content of his order, was informed that some Franciscan priests headed by Fray Pedro de Alfaro left the country in 1579 heading for mainland China. Around March 1582, as he continues, Franciscan Fray Pablo de Jesus and other missionaries re-entered China where they disseminate scandalous talks about the colony.[3]
In June 1582, the first bishop of Manila Domingo de Salazar arrived at the Philippines. That same month, Jesuit missionaries successfully entered the Islands. Ronquillo de Peñalosa also reported that they successfully conquered and annexed the last of Moluccan Islands—the Tidore. He also reported to the King that the other island, Ternate was threatened by conquests and invasions from the British through Sir Francis Drake.[4]
In his dated letter of 16 June 1582, Ronquillo de Peñalosa suggested to the King of Spain of further fortifications of Spanish footholds in the country. He also said that the Spaniards must dominate the Portuguese in Moluccas, and planned for possible seizing of Macau from Portugal. In a reply letter from the King, Philip II instructed the governor on how to initiate the repartimiento (forced labor) among Indios.[5] In 1582, the Spaniards won and defended Cagayan from Sino-Japanese pirates from possible terrorism and invasion.[6]
Post-governorship and death
Former governor-general Francisco de Sande's chief enemy and Manila's attorney-general Captain Gabriel de Rivera filed a complaint against Ronquillo de Peñalosa for being the captain-general of the Philippines for life. In 1583, upon processing of Rivera's complaint, Ronquillo de Peñalosa died at his house in Manila. He was succeeded by his own nephew, Diego Ronquillo in office.[7]
References
- ^ "Spanish Governors of the Philippines, 1565-1616", PhilippineHistory.net, retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ^ "Letter from Ronquillo de Penalosa to Felipe II". Retrieved 2009-10-17.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Ordinance Restricting Departure from the Islands". Retrieved 2009-10-17.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Letter from Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa to Felipe II". Retrieved 2009-10-17.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Letter from Peñalosa to Felipe II". Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
- ^ "Letter from Peñalosa to Felipe II". Archived from the original on 2010-06-12. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
- ^ "Complaints Against Peñalosa". Retrieved 2009-10-17.[permanent dead link]
Political offices | ||
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Preceded by | Governor and Captain-General of the Philippines 1580–1583 | Succeeded by |
- v
- t
- e
Viceroyalty of New Spain
(1565–1821)
- Miguel López de Legazpi
- Guido de Lavezaris
- Francisco de Sande
- Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa
- Diego Ronquillo
- Santiago de Vera
- Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas
- Pedro de Rojas
- Luis Pérez Dasmariñas
- Francisco Tello de Guzmán
- Pedro Bravo de Acuña
- Cristóbal Téllez Almazán
- Count of Valle de Orizaba
- Juan de Silva
- Andrés de Alcaraz
- Alonso Fajardo de Tenza
- Jeronimo de Silva
- Fernándo de Silva
- Juan Niño de Tabora
- Lorenzo de Olaso
- Juan Cerezo de Salamanca
- Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera
- Diego Fajardo
- Sabiniano Manrique de Lara
- Diego de Salcedo
- Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz
- Manuel de León
- Francisco Coloma
- Francisco de Montemayor y Mansilla
- Juan de Vargas Hurtado
- Gabriel de Curucealegui
- Alonso de Abella Fuertes
- Fausto Cruzat y Góngora
- Domingo Zabálburu de Echevarri
- Martín de Urzua y Arismendi
- José Torralba
- Fernando Bustamante
- Francisco de la Cuesta
- Toribio de Cossío
- Fernándo Valdés Tamón
- Gaspar de la Torre
- Juan de Arechederra
- Marquis of Brindisi and Ovando
- Pedro Manuel de Arandía
- Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta
- Manuel Rojo
- Simón de Anda
- Francisco Javier de la Torre
- José Antonio Raón
- Simón de Anda
- Pedro Sarrió
- José Basco
- Pedro Sarrió
- Félix Berenguer de Marquina
- Rafael María de Aguilar
- Mariano Fernández de Folgueras
- Manuel González de Aguilar
- José de Gardoqui y Jarabeitia
- Mariano Fernández de Folgueras
(1821–1898)
- Mariano Fernández de Folgueras
- Juan Antonio Martínez
- Mariano Ricafort
- Pasqual Enrile
- Gabriel de Torres
- Joaquín de Crámer
- Pedro Antonio Salazar
- Andrés García Camba
- Luis Lardizábal
- Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri
- Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre
- Narciso Clavería
- Antonio María Blanco
- Juan Antonio de Urbiztondo
- Ramón Montero
- Manuel Pavía
- Ramón Montero
- Manuel Crespo
- Ramón Montero
- Fernándo Norzagaray
- Ramón María Solano
- Juan Herrera Dávila
- José Lemery
- Salvador Valdés
- Rafael de Echague
- Joaquín del Solar
- Juan de Lara
- José Laureano de Sanz
- Antonio Osorio y Mallén
- Joaquín del Solar
- José de la Gándara
- Manuel Álvarez-Maldonado y Loriga
- Carlos María de la Torre
- Rafael de Izquierdo
- Manuel MacCrohon
- Juan Alaminos
- Manuel Blanco Valderrama
- Marquis of San Rafael
- Marquis of Oroquieta
- Rafael Rodríguez Arias
- Fernando Primo de Rivera
- Emilio Molíns
- Joaquín Jovellar
- Emilio Molíns
- Emilio Terrero
- Antonio Molto
- Federico Lobaton
- Valeriano Weyler
- Eulogio Despujol
- Federico Ochando
- Ramon Blanco
- Camilo de Polavieja
- José de Lachambre
- Fernando Primo de Rivera
- Basilio Augustín
- Fermín Jáudenes
- Francisco Rizzo
- Diego de los Ríos
Smallcaps indicates an oidor of the Real Audiencia of Manila.