Falange Española
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Falange Española]]; see its history for attribution.
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- Politics of Spain
- Political parties
- Elections
Falange Española (FE; English: Spanish Phalanx) was a Spanish fascist political organization active from 1933 to 1934.[3]
History
The Falange Española was created on 29 October 1933 as the successor of the Movimiento Español Sindicalista (MES), a similar organization founded earlier in 1933. (Falange translates as Phalanx in English.) The foundational meeting took place in La Comedia Theatre [es] of Madrid and was conducted by José Antonio Primo de Rivera, Julio Ruiz de Alda and Alfonso García Valdecasas.[4] In February 1934, after poor results at the ballots in the 1933 election, José Antonio Primo de Rivera suggested a fusion of Falange Española with the Ramiro Ledesma's Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista, which was approved on 15 February.[5] The Falange Española de las JONS (FE de las JONS) was subsequently formed.
The Falange's first clash with Marxist groups took place on 5 November 1933, when its militants had a rift with socialist sympathizers at a football game in Almoradí (Province of Alicante).[6]
References
- ^ Slaven 2018, p. 235. "On October 29, 1933, José Antonio Primo de Rivera founded a fascist political party in Madrid, Spain, called Falange Española (FE)." (...) "The FE was a distinctly fascist movement, containing “nearly all the general qualities and characteristics… of generic fascism” (Payne 1995, 261)".
- ^ Winkler 2015, p. 297.
- ^ Southworth, H. Rutledge (1939). "The Spanish Phalanx and Latin America". Foreign Affairs. 18 (1): 148–152. doi:10.2307/20028984. ISSN 0015-7120.
- ^ Box & Saz 2011, p. 374.
- ^ Albanese & Hierro 2016, p. 29.
- ^ González Calleja 2011, p. 171.
Bibliography
- Albanese, Matteo; Hierro, Pablo del (2016). Transnational Fascism in the Twentieth Century: Spain, Italy and the Global Neo-Fascist Network. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4725-2250-4.
- Box, Zira; Saz, Ismael (2011). "Spanish Fascism as a Political Religion (1931–1941)". Politics, Religion & Ideology. 12 (4). Taylor & Francis: 371–389. doi:10.1080/21567689.2011.624408. ISSN 2156-7697. S2CID 143784445.
- González Calleja, Eduardo (2011). Contrarrevolucionarios. Radicalización violenta de las derechas durante la Segunda República, 1931-1936. Madrid: Alianza Editorial. ISBN 978-84-206-6455-2.
- Slaven, James (2018). "The Falange Española: A Spanish Paradox". Proceedings of the 10th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities. 211. Atlantis Press: 235–242. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3266916. ISSN 2352-5398. Archived from the original on 2020-03-23. Retrieved 2019-06-26.
- Winkler, Heinrich August (2015) [2011]. The Age of Catastrophe: A History of the West, 1914-1945. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300-20489-6.