Election results for Balmain, New South Wales, Australia
Balmain, an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, has had three incarnations since it was established in 1880. It expanded from 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 members before being abolished in 1894. It was re-established in 1904 returning 1 member until 1920. When multiple member constituencies were established using the Hare-Clark single transferable vote in 1920, Balmain returned 5 members. It had a single member from 1927 when the state returned to single member electorates. It was abolished in 1991 and largely replaced by Port Jackson which included the Sydney CBD. It was re-established in 2007 when Port Jackson was abolished.[1][2][3][4]
Election results
Elections in the 2020s
2023
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 2023 New South Wales state election (Legislative Assembly) § Balmain.[edit]
2023 New South Wales state election: Balmain[5][6][7] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Greens | Kobi Shetty | 20,240 | 40.48 | −2.25 |
| Labor | Philippa Scott | 18,555 | 37.11 | +8.25 |
| Liberal | Freya Leach | 9,566 | 19.13 | −0.90 |
| Sustainable Australia | Stephen Bisgrove | 1,189 | 2.38 | +0.84 |
| Public Education | Glen Stelzer | 447 | 0.89 | +0.89 |
Total formal votes | 49,997 | 98.39 | −0.05 |
Informal votes | 820 | 1.61 | +0.05 |
Turnout | 50,817 | 86.45 | −0.28 |
Notional two-party-preferred count |
| Labor | Philippa Scott | 32,752 | 74.50 | +4.05 |
| Liberal | Freya Leach | 11,208 | 25.50 | −4.05 |
Two-candidate-preferred result |
| Greens | Kobi Shetty | 22,118 | 51.80 | −8.22 |
| Labor | Philippa Scott | 20,580 | 48.20 | +8.22 |
| Greens hold | Swing | −8.22 | |
Elections in the 2010s
2019
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 2019 New South Wales state election (Legislative Assembly) § Balmain.[edit]
2019 New South Wales state election: Balmain [8][9] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Greens | Jamie Parker | 21,065 | 42.73 | +5.34 |
| Labor | Elly Howse | 14,227 | 28.86 | −2.94 |
| Liberal | Wenjie (Ben) Zhang | 9,875 | 20.03 | −4.85 |
| Keep Sydney Open | Emilia Leonetti | 2,268 | 4.60 | +4.60 |
| Animal Justice | Anita Finlayson | 1,103 | 2.24 | +0.29 |
| Sustainable Australia | Angela Dunnett | 761 | 1.54 | +1.54 |
Total formal votes | 49,299 | 98.44 | +0.52 |
Informal votes | 781 | 1.56 | −0.52 |
Turnout | 50,080 | 86.73 | −1.60 |
Two-party-preferred result |
| Labor | Elly Howse | 28,127 | 70.45 | +4.70 |
| Liberal | Wenjie (Ben) Zhang | 11,795 | 29.55 | −4.70 |
Two-candidate-preferred result |
| Greens | Jamie Parker | 24,074 | 60.02 | +5.29 |
| Labor | Elly Howse | 16,037 | 39.98 | −5.29 |
| Greens hold | Swing | +5.29 | |
2015
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 2015 New South Wales state election (Legislative Assembly) § Balmain.[edit]
2011
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 2011 New South Wales state election (Legislative Assembly) § Balmain.[edit]
2011 New South Wales state election: Balmain[11] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Liberal | James Falk | 14,860 | 32.6 | +8.8 |
| Greens | Jamie Parker | 14,019 | 30.7 | +1.2 |
| Labor | Verity Firth | 13,765 | 30.2 | -9.1 |
| Independent | Maire Sheehan | 1,375 | 3.0 | +3.0 |
| Independent | Jane Ward | 681 | 1.5 | -1.6 |
| Christian Democrats | Leeanne Gesling | 426 | 0.9 | +0.9 |
| Independent Protectionist | Nicholas Folkes | 289 | 0.6 | +0.6 |
| Independent | Jon Shapiro | 223 | 0.5 | +0.5 |
Total formal votes | 45,638 | 97.5 | +0.1 |
Informal votes | 1,149 | 2.5 | −0.1 |
Turnout | 46,787 | 90.2 | +0.4 |
Notional two-party-preferred count |
| Labor | Verity Firth | 19,392 | 53.5 | -14.3 |
| Liberal | James Falk | 16,850 | 46.5 | +14.3 |
Two-candidate-preferred result |
| Greens | Jamie Parker | 19,141 | 53.5 | +7.2 |
| Liberal | James Falk | 16,664 | 46.5 | +46.5 |
| Greens gain from Labor | Swing | +7.2 | |
Elections in the 2000s
2007
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 2007 New South Wales state election (Legislative Assembly) § Balmain.[edit]
2007 New South Wales state election: Balmain [12] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Labor | Verity Firth | 16,562 | 39.2 | -2.9 |
| Greens | Rochelle Porteous | 12,471 | 29.5 | +0.2 |
| Liberal | Peter Shmigel | 10,031 | 23.8 | +2.7 |
| Independent | Jane Ward | 1,297 | 3.1 | +3.1 |
| Independent | Jane Hyde | 987 | 2.3 | +2.3 |
| Democrats | Edward Okulicz | 881 | 2.1 | -0.3 |
Total formal votes | 42,229 | 97.5 | −0.1 |
Informal votes | 1,088 | 2.5 | +0.1 |
Turnout | 43,317 | 89.8 | |
Notional two-party-preferred count |
| Labor | Verity Firth | 24,566 | 67.8 | +0.2 |
| Liberal | Peter Shmigel | 11,659 | 32.2 | -0.2 |
Two-candidate-preferred result |
| Labor | Verity Firth | 17,933 | 53.7 | -3.4 |
| Greens | Rochelle Porteous | 15,431 | 46.3 | +3.4 |
| Labor notional hold | Swing | -3.4 | |
1991 - 2007
District abolished
Elections in the 1980s
1988
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1988 New South Wales state election (Legislative Assembly) § Balmain.[edit]
1988 New South Wales state election: Balmain [13] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Labor | Peter Crawford | 11,071 | 39.3 | -21.5 |
| Independent | Dawn Fraser | 6,381 | 22.6 | +22.6 |
| Liberal | Geoffrey Courtney | 5,383 | 19.1 | -4.6 |
| Community Independents | Larry Hand | 2,422 | 8.6 | +8.6 |
| Independent | Jane Ward | 1,990 | 7.1 | +7.1 |
| Democrats | William Cole | 558 | 2.0 | -5.4 |
| Independent | Patricia Webster | 370 | 1.3 | +1.3 |
Total formal votes | 28,175 | 96.3 | +0.2 |
Informal votes | 1,091 | 3.7 | −0.2 |
Turnout | 29,266 | 89.9 | |
Two-candidate-preferred result |
| Independent | Dawn Fraser | 13,440 | 51.7 | +51.7 |
| Labor | Peter Crawford | 12,576 | 48.3 | -21.0 |
| Independent gain from Labor | Swing | +51.7 | |
1984
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1984 New South Wales state election (Legislative Assembly) § Balmain.[edit]
1981
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1981 New South Wales state election (Legislative Assembly) § Balmain.[edit]
Elections in the 1970s
1978
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1978 New South Wales state election (Legislative Assembly) § Balmain.[edit]
1976
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1976 New South Wales state election (Legislative Assembly) § Balmain.[edit]
1973
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1973 New South Wales state election (Legislative Assembly) § Balmain.[edit]
1971
This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1971 New South Wales state election (Legislative Assembly) § Balmain.[edit]
Elections in the 1960s
1968
- The two candidate preferred vote was not counted between the Labor and Independent candidates for Balmain.
1965
1962
Elections in the 1950s
1959
1956
1953
1950
Mary Quirk was the sitting Labor member, however she was defeated for pre-selection by John McMahon.
Elections in the 1940s
1947
- Preferences were not distributed.
1944
- Preferences were not distributed.
1941
- Preferences were not distributed.
Elections in the 1930s
1939 by-election
1939 Balmain by-election
Saturday 14 January [30] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Labor | Mary Quirk | 7,656 | 51.21 | |
| Independent Labor | Sidney Weston | 4,336 | 29.01 | |
| Independent Labor | John O'Carroll | 2,957 | 19.78 | |
Total formal votes | 14,949 | 95.09 | |
Informal votes | 772 | 4.91 | |
Turnout | 15,721 | 90.12 | |
| Labor hold | Swing | | |
John Quirk (
Labor) died.
[30] 1938
- Preferences were not distributed.
1935
1935 New South Wales state election: Balmain [32] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Labor (NSW) | John Quirk | 10,417 | 63.9 | +4.1 |
| Federal Labor | Allan Howie | 5,046 | 30.9 | -2.3 |
| Communist | Lawrence Sharkey | 849 | 5.2 | +2.7 |
Total formal votes | 16,312 | 97.2 | −1.0 |
Informal votes | 471 | 2.8 | +1.0 |
Turnout | 16,783 | 97.1 | +0.3 |
| Labor (NSW) hold | Swing | N/A | |
- Preferences were not distributed.
1932
1932 New South Wales state election: Balmain [33] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Labor (NSW) | John Quirk | 9,591 | 59.8 | -16.2 |
| Federal Labor | Peter Murray | 5,329 | 33.2 | +33.2 |
| Independent | Arthur Arundel | 720 | 4.5 | +4.5 |
| Communist | Joseph Crow | 395 | 2.5 | +2.5 |
Total formal votes | 16,035 | 98.2 | +0.8 |
Informal votes | 286 | 1.8 | −0.8 |
Turnout | 16,321 | 96.8 | +1.3 |
| Labor (NSW) hold | Swing | N/A | |
- Preferences were not distributed.
1930
Elections in the 1920s
1927
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1927 New South Wales state election § Balmain
1925
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1925 New South Wales state election § Balmain
1925 New South Wales state election: Balmain [36] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
Quota | 7,727 | | |
| Labor | H. V. Evatt (elected 1) | 14,733 | 31.8 | +31.8 |
| Labor | Robert Stuart-Robertson (elected 5) | 4,567 | 9.9 | -3.5 |
| Labor | John Quirk (elected 4) | 4,562 | 9.8 | -3.5 |
| Labor | Tom Keegan (elected 2) | 4,305 | 9.3 | -3.5 |
| Labor | Kate Dwyer | 3,622 | 7.8 | +7.8 |
| Nationalist | Albert Lane (elected 3) | 6,306 | 13.6 | +1.7 |
| Nationalist | Robert Stopford (defeated) | 5,880 | 12.7 | -1.4 |
| Nationalist | Stanley Cole | 1,171 | 2.5 | +2.5 |
| Nationalist | Thomas Greentree | 304 | 0.7 | -3.6 |
| Nationalist | Gideon Gillespie | 189 | 0.4 | +0.4 |
| Protestant Labor | James Johnston | 439 | 1.0 | +1.0 |
| Communist | Thomas Payne | 199 | 0.4 | +0.4 |
| Communist | Lionel Leece | 40 | 0.1 | +0.1 |
| Independent | Charles Mallett | 42 | 0.1 | +0.1 |
Total formal votes | 46,359 | 97.0 | +1.1 |
Informal votes | 1,424 | 3.0 | −1.1 |
Turnout | 47,783 | 69.9 | +0.9 |
Party total votes |
| Labor | | 31,789 | 68.6 | +15.2 |
| Nationalist | | 13,850 | 29.9 | -11.3 |
| Protestant Labor | | 439 | 1.0 | +1.0 |
| Communist | | 239 | 0.5 | +0.5 |
| Independent | Charles Mallett | 42 | 0.1 | +0.1 |
1922
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1922 New South Wales state election § Balmain
1922 New South Wales state election: Balmain [37] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
Quota | 7,380 | | |
| Labor | Robert Stuart-Robertson (elected 5) | 5,950 | 13.4 | +4.3 |
| Labor | John Quirk (elected 3) | 5,903 | 13.3 | +3.1 |
| Labor | Tom Keegan (elected 4) | 5,679 | 12.8 | +4.4 |
| Labor | John Doyle (defeated) | 4,313 | 9.7 | +2.1 |
| Labor | David Ryan | 1,780 | 4.0 | +4.0 |
| Nationalist | Robert Stopford (elected 2) | 6,264 | 14.1 | +1.4 |
| Nationalist | Albert Lane (elected 1) | 5,258 | 11.9 | +11.9 |
| Nationalist | Albert Smith (defeated) | 3,294 | 7.4 | -2.4 |
| Nationalist | Thomas Greentree | 1,884 | 4.3 | +4.3 |
| Nationalist | Alfred Henry | 1,563 | 3.5 | +3.5 |
| Democratic | John Sheehy | 2,163 | 4.9 | +4.9 |
| Industrial Labor | Henry Collins | 64 | 0.1 | +0.1 |
| Industrial Labor | John Hood | 63 | 0.1 | +0.1 |
| Independent | Solomon Amein | 99 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
Total formal votes | 44,277 | 95.9 | +9.5 |
Informal votes | 1,876 | 4.1 | −9.5 |
Turnout | 46,153 | 69.0 | +14.7 |
Party total votes |
| Labor | | 23,625 | 53.4 | -6.3 |
| Nationalist | | 18,263 | 41.2 | +18.8 |
| Democratic | | 2,163 | 4.9 | -2.4 |
| Industrial Labor | | 127 | 0.3 | +0.3 |
| Independent | Solomon Amein | 99 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
1921 appointment
The Premier John Storey died on 5 October 1921. Between 1920 and 1927 the Legislative Assembly was elected using a form of proportional representation with multi-member seats and a single transferable vote (modified Hare-Clark). Under the provisions of the Parliamentary Elections (Casual Vacancies) Act,[38] casual vacancies were filled by the next unsuccessful candidate on the incumbent member's party list. Tom Keegan was the only unsuccessful Labor candidate at the 1920 election and took his seat on 18 October 1921.[39]
1920
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1920 New South Wales state election § Balmain
1920 New South Wales state election: Balmain [40] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
Quota | 5,147 | | |
| Labor | John Storey (elected 1) | 7,527 | 24.4 | |
| Labor | John Quirk (elected 3) | 3,137 | 10.2 | |
| Labor | Robert Stuart-Robertson (elected 4) | 2,821 | 9.1 | |
| Labor | Tom Keegan (defeated) | 2,603 | 8.4 | |
| Labor | John Doyle (elected 2) | 2,336 | 7.6 | |
| Nationalist | Robert Stopford | 3,911 | 12.7 | |
| Nationalist | Albert Smith (elected 5) | 3,016 | 9.8 | |
| Soldiers & Citizens | Campbell Carmichael (defeated) | 2,590 | 8.4 | |
| Soldiers & Citizens | George Saunders | 100 | 0.3 | |
| Soldiers & Citizens | Charles Shields | 28 | 0.1 | |
| Democratic | Charles Lawlor | 2,252 | 7.3 | |
| Socialist Labor | William Corcoran | 81 | 0.3 | |
| Socialist Labor | James Moroney | 59 | 0.2 | |
| Socialist Labor | Peter Christensen | 26 | 0.1 | |
| Socialist Labor | Herbert Weston | 13 | 0.1 | |
| Independent | Arthur Griffith | 165 | 0.5 | |
| Independent | Henry Levy | 93 | 0.3 | |
| Independent | Solomon Amein | 60 | 0.2 | |
| Independent | George Nielsen | 60 | 0.2 | |
Total formal votes | 30,878 | 86.4 | |
Informal votes | 4,845 | 13.6 | |
Turnout | 35,723 | 54.3 | |
Party total votes |
| Labor | | 18,424 | 59.7 | |
| Nationalist | | 6,927 | 22.4 | |
| Soldiers & Citizens | | 2,718 | 8.8 | |
| Democratic | | 2,252 | 7.3 | |
| Socialist Labor | | 179 | 0.6 | |
| Independent | Arthur Griffith | 165 | 0.5 | |
| Independent | Henry Levy | 93 | 0.3 | |
| Independent | Solomon Amein | 60 | 0.2 | |
| Independent | George Nielsen | 60 | 0.2 | |
Elections in the 1910s
1917
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1917 New South Wales state election § Balmain
1913
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1913 New South Wales state election § Balmain
1913 New South Wales state election: Balmain [42][43] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Labor | John Storey | 4,362 | 58.0 | |
| Liberal Reform | John McEachern | 2,248 | 29.9 | |
| National Progressive | Francis Lennon | 721 | 9.6 | |
| Australasian Socialist | Patrick Brice | 192 | 2.6 | |
Total formal votes | 7,523 | 98.8 | |
Informal votes | 93 | 1.2 | |
Turnout | 7,616 | 66.2 | |
| Labor hold | |
1910
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1910 New South Wales state election § Balmain
Elections in the 1900s
1907
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1907 New South Wales state election § Balmain
1904
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1904 New South Wales state election § Balmain
Balmain consisted of Balmain North and part of Balmain South. John Storey was the member for the abolished seat of Balmain North, while the member for Balmain South was Sydney Law (Independent Labour) who successfully contested Rozelle.
1894 - 1904
District abolished
1891
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1891 New South Wales colonial election § Balmain
1891 New South Wales colonial election: Balmain
Wednesday 17 June [47] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Labour | James Johnston (elected 1) | 3,146 | 13.8 | |
| Labour | William Murphy (elected 2) | 2,905 | 12.8 | |
| Labour | George Clark (elected 3) | 2,525 | 11.1 | |
| Labour | Edward Darnley (elected 4) | 2,518 | 11.1 | |
| Protectionist | Solomon Hyam | 2,055 | 9.0 | |
| Free Trade | John Hawthorne (defeated) | 1,820 | 8.0 | |
| Free Trade | Jacob Garrard (defeated) | 1,806 | 7.9 | |
| Free Trade | George Clubb (defeated) | 1,734 | 7.6 | |
| Free Trade | Frank Smith (defeated) | 1,269 | 5.6 | |
| Protectionist | Angus Mackey | 1,080 | 4.7 | |
| Protectionist | Samuel Davison | 737 | 3.2 | |
| Ind. Free Trade | Robert Cropley | 660 | 2.9 | |
| Protectionist | William Burns | 527 | 2.3 | |
Total formal votes | 22,782 | 98.5 | |
Informal votes | 339 | 1.5 | |
Turnout | 6,932 | 70.8 | |
| Labour gain 4 from Free Trade | |
1890 by-election
John Hawthorne (
Free Trade) resigned due to bankruptcy.
[48] Elections in the 1880s
1889
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1889 New South Wales colonial election § Balmain
1889 New South Wales colonial election: Balmain
Saturday 2 February [49] Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| Free Trade | Jacob Garrard (elected 1) | 3,177 | 15.0 | |
| Free Trade | Frank Smith (elected 2) | 3,125 | 14.7 | |
| Free Trade | George Clubb (elected 3) | 3,101 | 14.6 | |
| Free Trade | John Hawthorne (elected 4) | 3,083 | 14.5 | |
| Protectionist | Solomon Hyam | 2,291 | 10.8 | |
| Protectionist | William Inglis | 2,178 | 10.3 | |
| Protectionist | David Buchanan | 2,130 | 10.0 | |
| Protectionist | William Hutchinson | 2,120 | 10.0 | |
Total formal votes | 21,205 | 99.6 | |
Informal votes | 87 | 0.4 | |
Turnout | 5,566 | 61.0 | |
| Free Trade hold 4 | |
1887
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1887 New South Wales colonial election § Balmain
1885
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1885 New South Wales colonial election § Balmain
1882
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1882 New South Wales colonial election § Balmain
1880
- This section is an excerpt from Results of the 1880 New South Wales colonial election § Balmain
The Sydney Daily Telegraph reported that 60 of the informal votes had written "I Vote for Taylor" on them, where Jacob Garrard won the election by only 12 votes.[54]
Notes
- ^ Two party preferred vote was estimated.
References
- ^ Green, Antony. "Elections for the District of Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
- ^ "Balmain- NSW Electorate, Candidates, Results". NSW Votes 2019. ABC News. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
- ^ "Part 5B alphabetical list of all electorates and Members since 1856" (PDF). NSW Parliamentary Record. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ "Former Members". Members of Parliament. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ^ LA First Preference: Balmain, NSW State Election Results 2023, NSW Electoral Commission. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ LA Two Candidate Preferred: Balmain, NSW State Election Results 2023, NSW Electoral Commission. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ Two Candidate Preferred (TCP) Analytical Tool: Balmain, NSW State Election Results 2023, NSW Electoral Commission. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
- ^ "Balmain: First Preference Votes". 2019 NSW election results. NSW Electoral Commission. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ "Balmain: Distribution of Preferences". 2019 NSW election results. NSW Electoral Commission. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
- ^ Green, Antony (July 2015). "2015 New South Wales Election: Analysis of Results" (PDF). Retrieved 23 September 2019.
- ^ Antony Green. "2011 New South Wales Election: Analysis of Results" (PDF). NSW Parliamentary Library. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ Green, Antony. "2007 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1988 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1984 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1981 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1978 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1976 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1973 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1971 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1968 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1965 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1962 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1959 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1956 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1953 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1950 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1947 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1944 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1941 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ a b Green, Antony. "1939 results Balmain by-election". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1938 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1935 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1932 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1930 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1927 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1925 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1922 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Parliamentary Elections (Casual Vacancies) Act 1920 (NSW).
- ^ Green, Antony. "1921 Balmain by-election". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 23 September 2019.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1920 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1917 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1913 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
- ^ "The socialist candidates". The International Socialist. 13 December 1913. p. 4. Retrieved 13 March 2020 – via Trove.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1910 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1907 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1904 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1891 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ a b Green, Antony. "1890 Balmain by-election". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1889 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1887 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1885 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1882 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
- ^ Green, Antony. "1880 Balmain". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
- ^ "Balmain". The Sydney Daily Telegraph. 24 November 1880. p. 2. Retrieved 23 April 2020 – via Trove.
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