Genus of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents
Echimys
Temporal range: Pleistocene to Recent |
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Echimys chrysurus |
Scientific classification |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Rodentia |
Family: | Echimyidae |
Subfamily: | Echimyinae |
Tribe: | Echimyini |
Genus: | Echimys F. Cuvier, 1809[1] |
Type species |
Myoxus chrysurus |
Species |
Echimys chrysurus Echimys saturnus Echimys vieirai |
Synonyms |
Echinomys Wagner, 1840[2] Loncheres Illiger, 1811 Nelomys Jourdan, 1837 |
Echimys is a genus of the spiny rats family, the Echimyidae.[1][3] Members of this genus are collectively called spiny tree-rats.
The genus name Echimys, and also its synonym Echinomys,[2] derive from the two Ancient Greek words ἐχῖνος (ekhînos), meaning "hedgehog", and μῦς (mûs), meaning "mouse, rat".[4][5]
Classification
The genus contains three extant species
Members of the genera Callistomys, Makalata, Pattonomys, and Phyllomys were all formerly considered part of the genus Echimys.
Phylogeny
Echimys is the sister genus to Phyllomys, and then to Makalata. These taxa are closely related to the genera Pattonomys and Toromys. In turn, these five genera share phylogenetic affinities with a clade containing the bamboo rats Dactylomys, Olallamys, Kannabateomys together with Diplomys and Santamartamys.[6]
Genus-level cladogram of the Echimyini. |
Echimyini | | Isothrix | | | "Eumysopines" | | Lonchothrix (Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat) | | | Mesomys | | | | | | | | | | | Diplomys | | | Santamartamys (Red-crested tree-rat) | | | | "Dactylomyines" | | Kannabateomys (Atlantic bamboo rat) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][6] |
References
- ^ a b Cuvier, Frédéric (1809), "Extrait des premiers Mémoires de M. F. Cuvier, sur les dents des Mammifères considérées comme caractères génériques", N. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philomath. Paris (in French), 1 (24): 393–395
- ^ a b Wagner, Johann Andreas (1840), "Beschreibung einiger neuer Nager, welche auf der Reise des Herrn Hofraths v. Schubert gesammelt wurden: mit Bezugnahme auf einige andere verwandte Formen", Abhandl. Math.—Physik. König. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München (in German): 191–210
- ^ Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Genus Echimys". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1578. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ Bailly, Anatole (1981-01-01). Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français. Paris: Hachette. ISBN 978-2010035289. OCLC 461974285.
- ^ Bailly, Anatole. "Greek-french dictionary online". www.tabularium.be. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
- ^ a b Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Upham, Nathan S.; Emmons, Louise H.; Justy, Fabienne; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Loss, Ana Carolina; Orlando, Ludovic; Tilak, Marie-Ka; Patterson, Bruce D.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2017-03-01). "Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (3): 613–633. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw261. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 28025278.
- ^ Lara, Márcia C.; Patton, James L.; da Silva, Maria Nazareth F. (1996). "The Simultaneous Diversification of South American Echimyid Rodents (Hystricognathi) Based on Complete Cytochrome b Sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 5 (2): 403–413. doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0035. PMID 8728398.
- ^ Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L. (2002). "Evolution of South American spiny rats (Rodentia, Echimyidae): the star-phylogeny hypothesis revisited". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 25 (3): 455–464. doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00279-8. PMID 12450750.
- ^ Galewski, Thomas; Mauffrey, Jean-François; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2005). "Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (3): 601–615. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015. PMID 15683932.
- ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2012). "Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 417–429. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020. PMID 22327013.
- ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Galewski, Thomas; Tilak, Marie-ka; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2013-03-01). "Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x. ISSN 1463-6409.
- ^ Loss, Ana; Moura, Raquel T.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2014). "Unexpected phylogenetic relationships of the painted tree rat Callistomys pictus (Rodentia: Echimyidae)" (PDF). Natureza on Line. 12: 132–136.
- ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Raghavan, Maanasa; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Willerslev, Eske; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P.; Orlando, Ludovic (2014-07-01). "Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics". Biology Letters. 10 (7): 20140266. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 4126619. PMID 25115033.
- ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution. Buenos Aires: SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos. pp. 63–120.
Extant species of family Echimyidae (Spiny rats), including Myocastoridae (Coypus) and Capromyidae (Hutias)
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Echimyinae | Echimyini | Dactylomys | - Bolivian bamboo rat (D. boliviensis)
- Amazon bamboo rat (D. dactylinus)
- Montane bamboo rat (D. peruanus)
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Diplomys | - Colombian soft-furred spiny rat (D. caniceps)
- Rufous soft-furred spiny rat (D. labilis)
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Echimys | - White-faced spiny tree-rat (E. chrysurus)
- Dark spiny tree-rat (E. saturnus)
- Vieira's spiny tree-rat (E. vieirai)
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Isothrix | - I. barbarabrownae
- Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat (I. bistriata)
- Rio Negro brush-tailed rat (I. negrensis)
- Plain brush-tailed rat (I. pagurus)
- Sinnamary brush-tailed rat (I. sinnamariensis)
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Kannabateomys | - Atlantic bamboo rat (K. amblyonyx)
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Lonchothrix | - Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat (L. emiliae)
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Makalata | - Red-nosed armored tree-rat (M. didelphoides)
- Long-tailed armored tree-rat (M. macrura)
- Dark armored tree-rat (M. obscura)
- Peruvian armored tree-rat (M. rhipidura)
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Mesomys | - Ferreira's spiny tree-rat (M. hispidus)
- Woolly-headed spiny tree-rat (M. leniceps)
- Tufted-tailed spiny tree-rat (M. occultus)
- Pará spiny tree-rat (M. stimulax)
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Olallamys | - White-tailed olalla rat (O. albicauda)
- Greedy olalla rat (O. edax)
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Pattonomys | - Bare-tailed armored tree-rat (P. occasius)
- Speckled spiny tree-rat (P. semivillosus)
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Phyllomys | - Golden Atlantic tree-rat (P. blainvillii)
- Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat (P. brasiliensis)
- Drab Atlantic tree-rat (P. dasythrix)
- Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat (P. kerri)
- Pallid Atlantic tree-rat (P. lamarum)
- Lund's Atlantic tree-rat (P. lundi)
- Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat (P. mantiqueirensis)
- Long-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. medius)
- Blacked-spined Atlantic tree-rat (P. nigrispinus)
- Rusty-sided Atlantic tree-rat (P. pattoni)
- Southern Atlantic tree-rat (P. sulinus)
- Giant Atlantic tree-rat (P. thomasi)
- Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. unicolor)
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Santamartamys | - Red-crested tree-rat (S. rufodorsalis)
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Toromys | - Giant tree-rat (T. grandis)
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Myocastorini | Callistomys | - Painted tree-rat (C. pictus)
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Hoplomys | - Armored rat (H. gymnurus)
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Myocastor | |
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Proechimys | group canicollis | - Colombian spiny rat (P. canicollis)
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group decumanus | - Pacific spiny rat (P. decumanus)
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group echinothrix | - Stiff-spine spiny rat (P. echinothrix)
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group gardneri | - Gardner's spiny rat (P. gardneri)
- Kulina spiny rat (P. kulinae)
- Patton's spiny rat (P. pattoni)
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group goeldii | - Goeldi's spiny rat (P. goeldii)
- Napo spiny rat (P. quadruplicatus)
- Steere's spiny rat (P. steerei)
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group guyannensis | - Guyenne spiny rat (P. guyannensis)
- Roberto's spiny rat (P. roberti)
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group longicaudatus | - Short-tailed spiny rat (P. brevicauda)
- Cuvier's spiny rat (P. cuvieri)
- Long-tailed spiny rat (P. longicaudatus)
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group semispinosus | - O'Connell's spiny rat (P. oconnelli)
- Tome's spiny rat (P. semispinosus)
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group simonsi | - Simon's spiny rat (P. simonsi)
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group trinitatus | - Trinidad spiny rat (P. trinitatus)
- Boyacá spiny rat (P. chrysaeolus)
- Guaira spiny rat (P. guairae)
- Guyanan spiny rat (P. hoplomyoides)
- Magdalena spiny rat (P. magdalenae)
- Minca spiny rat (P. mincae)
- Gray-footed spiny rat (P. poliopus)
- Sucre spiny rat (P. urichi)
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Thrichomys | - Common punaré (T. apereoides)
- Foster's punaré (T. fosteri)
- Highlands punaré (T. inermis)
- Sao Lourenço punaré (T. laurentius)
- Paraguayan punaré (T. pachyurus)
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Euryzygomatomyinae | — | Clyomys | - Broad-headed spiny rat (C. laticeps)
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Euryzygomatomys | - Brandt's guiara (E. guiara)
- Fischer's guiara (E. spinosus)
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Trinomys | - White-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. albispinus)
- Soft-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. dimidiatus)
- Elias's Atlantic spiny rat (T. eliasi)
- Gracile Atlantic spiny rat (T. gratiosus)
- Ihering's Atlantic spiny rat (T. iheringi)
- Dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat (T. mirapitanga)
- Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat (T. moojeni)
- Mouse-tailed Atlantic spiny rat (T. myosuros)
- Spiked Atlantic spiny rat (T. paratus)
- Hairy Atlantic spiny rat (T. setosus)
- Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat (T. yonenagae)
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Incertae sedis | |
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Capromyinae | Capromyini | Capromys | - Desmarest's hutia (C. pilorides)
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Geocapromys | - Jamaican coney (G. brownii)
- Bahamian hutia (G. ingrahami)
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Mesocapromys | - Cabrera's hutia (M. angelcabrerai)
- Eared hutia (M. auritus)
- Black-tailed hutia (M. melanurus)
- Dwarf hutia (M. nanus)
- San Felipe hutia (M. sanfelipensis)
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Mysateles | - Garrido's hutia (M. garridoi)
- Isla De La Juventud tree hutia (M. meridionalis)
- Prehensile-tailed hutia (M. prehensilis)
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Plagiodontini | |
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