Daniel Bovet
Daniel Bovet | |
---|---|
Born | (1907-03-23)23 March 1907 Fleurier, Switzerland |
Died | 8 April 1992(1992-04-08) (aged 85) Rome, Italy |
Spouse | Filomena Nitti[1] |
Awards | Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh (1949) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1957) |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Pharmacology |
Daniel Bovet ForMemRS[2] (23 March 1907 – 8 April 1992) was a Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist who won the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of drugs that block the actions of specific neurotransmitters. He is best known for his discovery in 1937 of antihistamines, which block the neurotransmitter histamine and are used in allergy medication. His other research included work on chemotherapy, sulfa drugs, the sympathetic nervous system, the pharmacology of curare, and other neuropharmacological interests.
In 1965, Bovet led a study team which concluded that smoking of tobacco cigarettes increased users' intelligence.[3] He told The New York Times that the object was not to "create geniuses, but only [to] put the less-endowed individual in a position to reach a satisfactory mental and intellectual development".[4]
Bovet was born in Fleurier, Switzerland. He was a native Esperanto speaker. He graduated from the University of Geneva in 1927 and received his doctorate in 1929. Beginning in 1929 until 1947 he worked at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. He then moved in 1947 to the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (Superior Institute of Health) in Rome. Two years later, in 1949, Bovet was awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh. In 1964, he became a professor in at the University of Sassari in Italy. From 1969 to 1971, he was the head of the Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology Laboratory of the National Research Council, in Rome, before stepping down to become a professor at the University of Rome La Sapienza. He retired in 1982.
References
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957".
- ^ Oliverio, A. (1994). "Daniel Bovet. 23 March 1907-8 April 1992". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 39: 60–70. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1994.0004. PMID 11639907.
- ^ Branch, Taylor (2007). At Canaan's Edge: America in the King Years, 1965–68. Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. p. 268. ISBN 9780684857138.
- ^ "Tobacco Called Help in Learning". The New York Times. April 18, 1965. p. 31.
External links
- Daniel Bovet on Nobelprize.org
- v
- t
- e
- 1901: Emil Behring
- 1902: Ronald Ross
- 1903: Niels Finsen
- 1904: Ivan Pavlov
- 1905: Robert Koch
- 1906: Camillo Golgi / Santiago Ramón y Cajal
- 1907: Alphonse Laveran
- 1908: Élie Metchnikoff / Paul Ehrlich
- 1909: Emil Kocher
- 1910: Albrecht Kossel
- 1911: Allvar Gullstrand
- 1912: Alexis Carrel
- 1913: Charles Richet
- 1914: Róbert Bárány
- 1915
- 1916
- 1917
- 1918
- 1919: Jules Bordet
- 1920: August Krogh
- 1921
- 1922: Archibald Hill / Otto Meyerhof
- 1923: Frederick Banting / John Macleod
- 1924: Willem Einthoven
- 1925
- 1926: Johannes Fibiger
- 1927: Julius Wagner-Jauregg
- 1928: Charles Nicolle
- 1929: Christiaan Eijkman / Frederick Gowland Hopkins
- 1930: Karl Landsteiner
- 1931: Otto Warburg
- 1932: Charles Scott Sherrington / Edgar Adrian
- 1933: Thomas Morgan
- 1934: George Whipple / George Minot / William Murphy
- 1935: Hans Spemann
- 1936: Henry Dale / Otto Loewi
- 1937: Albert Szent-Györgyi
- 1938: Corneille Heymans
- 1939: Gerhard Domagk
- 1940
- 1941
- 1942
- 1943: Henrik Dam / Edward Doisy
- 1944: Joseph Erlanger / Herbert Gasser
- 1945: Alexander Fleming / Ernst Chain / Howard Florey
- 1946: Hermann Muller
- 1947: Carl Cori / Gerty Cori / Bernardo Houssay
- 1948: Paul Müller
- 1949: Walter Hess / António Egas Moniz
- 1950: Edward Kendall / Tadeusz Reichstein / Philip Hench
- 1951: Max Theiler
- 1952: Selman Waksman
- 1953: Hans Krebs / Fritz Lipmann
- 1954: John Enders / Thomas Weller / Frederick Robbins
- 1955: Hugo Theorell
- 1956: André Cournand / Werner Forssmann / Dickinson W. Richards
- 1957: Daniel Bovet
- 1958: George Beadle / Edward Tatum / Joshua Lederberg
- 1959: Severo Ochoa / Arthur Kornberg
- 1960: Frank Burnet / Peter Medawar
- 1961: Georg von Békésy
- 1962: Francis Crick / James Watson / Maurice Wilkins
- 1963: John Eccles / Alan Hodgkin / Andrew Huxley
- 1964: Konrad Bloch / Feodor Lynen
- 1965: François Jacob / André Lwoff / Jacques Monod
- 1966: Francis Rous / Charles B. Huggins
- 1967: Ragnar Granit / Haldan Hartline / George Wald
- 1968: Robert W. Holley / Har Khorana / Marshall Nirenberg
- 1969: Max Delbrück / Alfred Hershey / Salvador Luria
- 1970: Bernard Katz / Ulf von Euler / Julius Axelrod
- 1971: Earl Sutherland Jr.
- 1972: Gerald Edelman / Rodney Porter
- 1973: Karl von Frisch / Konrad Lorenz / Nikolaas Tinbergen
- 1974: Albert Claude / Christian de Duve / George Palade
- 1975: David Baltimore / Renato Dulbecco / Howard Temin
- 1976: Baruch Blumberg / Daniel Gajdusek
- 1977: Roger Guillemin / Andrew Schally / Rosalyn Yalow
- 1978: Werner Arber / Daniel Nathans / Hamilton O. Smith
- 1979: Allan Cormack / Godfrey Hounsfield
- 1980: Baruj Benacerraf / Jean Dausset / George Snell
- 1981: Roger Sperry / David H. Hubel / Torsten Wiesel
- 1982: Sune Bergström / Bengt I. Samuelsson / John Vane
- 1983: Barbara McClintock
- 1984: Niels Jerne / Georges Köhler / César Milstein
- 1985: Michael Brown / Joseph L. Goldstein
- 1986: Stanley Cohen / Rita Levi-Montalcini
- 1987: Susumu Tonegawa
- 1988: James W. Black / Gertrude B. Elion / George H. Hitchings
- 1989: J. Michael Bishop / Harold E. Varmus
- 1990: Joseph Murray / E. Donnall Thomas
- 1991: Erwin Neher / Bert Sakmann
- 1992: Edmond Fischer / Edwin G. Krebs
- 1993: Richard J. Roberts / Phillip Sharp
- 1994: Alfred G. Gilman / Martin Rodbell
- 1995: Edward B. Lewis / Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard / Eric F. Wieschaus
- 1996: Peter C. Doherty / Rolf M. Zinkernagel
- 1997: Stanley B. Prusiner
- 1998: Robert F. Furchgott / Louis Ignarro / Ferid Murad
- 1999: Günter Blobel
- 2000: Arvid Carlsson / Paul Greengard / Eric Kandel
- 2001: Leland H. Hartwell / Tim Hunt / Paul Nurse
- 2002: Sydney Brenner / H. Robert Horvitz / John E. Sulston
- 2003: Paul Lauterbur / Peter Mansfield
- 2004: Richard Axel / Linda B. Buck
- 2005: Barry Marshall / Robin Warren
- 2006: Andrew Fire / Craig Mello
- 2007: Mario Capecchi / Martin Evans / Oliver Smithies
- 2008: Harald zur Hausen / Luc Montagnier / Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
- 2009: Elizabeth Blackburn / Carol W. Greider / Jack W. Szostak
- 2010: Robert G. Edwards
- 2011: Bruce Beutler / Jules A. Hoffmann / Ralph M. Steinman (posthumously)
- 2012: John Gurdon / Shinya Yamanaka
- 2013: James Rothman / Randy Schekman / Thomas C. Südhof
- 2014: John O'Keefe / May-Britt Moser / Edvard Moser
- 2015: William C. Campbell / Satoshi Ōmura / Tu Youyou
- 2016: Yoshinori Ohsumi
- 2017: Jeffrey C. Hall / Michael Rosbash / Michael W. Young
- 2018: James P. Allison / Tasuku Honjo
- 2019: Gregg L. Semenza / Peter J. Ratcliffe / William Kaelin Jr.
- 2020: Harvey J. Alter / Michael Houghton / Charles M. Rice
- 2021: David Julius / Ardem Patapoutian
- 2022: Svante Pääbo
- 2023: Katalin Karikó / Drew Weissman