Crown Colony of Malacca

British colony from 1946 to 1957

Jajahan Mahkota Melaka (Malay)

1946–1957

Flag

Badge

Anthem: God Save the King/Queen

Location of Malacca

Status

British Crown Colony
State of the Federation of Malaya

Capital

Malacca Town

Common languages

English, Malay, Chinese, Tamil and other languages

Government

British Crown colony

Monarchs

• 1946–1952

George VI

• 1952–1957

Elizabeth II

Residents-Councillor

• 1956–1957

Maurice John Hayward (acting)

Historical era

Post-war · Cold War

• Dissolution of the Straits Settlements

1 April 1946

• Independence as part of the Federation of Malaya

31 August 1957

Currency

Malayan dollar

Preceded by

Succeeded by

	British Military Administration (Malaya)
	Straits Settlements

Federation of Malaya
Malacca

Today part of

Malaysia

Malacca was a British Crown colony from 1946 to 1957. It came under British sovereignty after the signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, and had been part of the Straits Settlements until 1946.^[1]

During World War II, it was occupied by the Japanese from 1942 to 1945. Following the disbandment of the Straits Settlements in the aftermath of World War II, Penang and Malacca evolved into Crown colonies within the Federation of Malaya, while Singapore transformed into an individual Crown colony distinct from Malaya.^[2] In 1955, Tunku Abdul Rahman held a meeting with the British to discuss the end of British rule in Malacca with a merger with Malayan Union (which was then replaced by Federation of Malaya). On 31 August 1957, when Malaya achieved its independence from the United Kingdom, Malacca was integrated as part of the federation, which later known as Malaysia when it merged with another territories in British Borneo.^[3]

Resident Commissioners

Sep 1945 - 31 Mar 1946, James Calder (acting)
1946 - Nov 1947, Edward Victor Grace Day
24 Nov 1947 - 7 Mar 1949, John Falconer
1949, William Cecil Taylor
25 Oct 1949 - 1954, George Evans Cameron Wisdom
20 Dec 1950 - 9 Jan 1951, Jonathan Edgar Meredith Cave, acting for Wisdom
20 Dec 1951 - 6 Jan 1952, Jonathan Edgar Meredith Cave, acting for Wisdom
18 Apr 1952 - 21 Oct 1952, Harold George Hammett
21 Apr 1954 - 31 Aug 1957, Harold George Hammett
28 Aug 1954 - 15 Sep 1954, Fulwar Rupert Caven Fowle, acting for Hammett
25 Sep 1956 - Feb 1957, Maurice John Hayward, acting for Hammett
1957, Albert William Nicholson

References

^ A. GUTHRIE (of the Straits Settlements, and OTHERS.) (1861). The British Possessions in the Straits of Malacca. [An Address to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Signed by A. Guthrie and Others, and Dated April 20th, 1861, in Reference to the Transfer of the Administration of the British Possessions in the Straits of Malacca to the Colonial Office.]. pp. 1–.
^ "The Straits Settlements is Dissolved". National Library Board, Singapore. 1 April 1946. Retrieved 16 July 2016.
^ Cheah Boon Kheng (June 2009). "The Communist Insurgency in Malaysia, 1948–90: Contesting the Nation-State and Social Change" (PDF). National University of Singapore. New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies. p. 133/2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

Protectorates and Crown colonies of British Malaya and Borneo

Malaya

Straits Settlements (1826–1946)
Unfederated Malay States (1885–1946)
Federated Malay States (1895–1946)
Malayan Union (1946–1948)
Crown Colony of Malacca (1946–1957)
Crown Colony of Penang (1946–1957)
Crown Colony of Singapore (1946–1963)
Federation of Malaya (1948–1957)

Borneo

Raj of Sarawak (1841–1946)
Crown Colony of Labuan (1848–1946)
North Borneo (1882–1946)
Brunei (1888–1984)
Crown Colony of Sarawak (1946–1963)
Crown Colony of North Borneo (1946–1963)

Former British Empire and Current British Overseas Territories

Legend: Former territory; Current territory; *Current Commonwealth realm; ^†Current member of the Commonwealth of Nations

Europe
Akrotiri and Dhekelia since 1960 (before as part of Cyprus) Corsica 1794–1796 ^†Cyprus 1878–1960 Gibraltar since 1713 Heligoland 1807–1890 Ionian Islands 1809–1864 Ireland 1542–1800 (integrated into the UK) Free State 1921–1931 ^†Malta (Protectorate) 1800–1813 Colony 1813–1964 Minorca 1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802

Africa

Ascension Island²³ since 1815
Basutoland (^†Lesotho) 1868–1966
Bechuanaland (^†Botswana) 1884–1966
Cameroons¹³ 1919–1961
Cape Colony 1795–1803
Cape of Good Hope 1806–1910
Central Africa 1891–1907
East Africa 1895–1920
Egypt 1882–1922
^†The Gambia 1816–1965
Gold Coast (^†Ghana) 1874–1957
^†Kenya 1920–1963
Lagos 1862–1906
Madeira 1807–1808
^†Mauritius 1810–1968
Natal 1856–1910
Niger Coast 1884–1900
^†Nigeria 1914–1960
Northern Nigeria 1900–1914
Northern Rhodesia¹⁵ 1924–1964
Nyasaland 1891–1964
Orange River 1900–1910
Saint Helena²³ since 1658
^†Seychelles 1903–1976
^†Sierra Leone 1792–1961
Somaliland 1884–1960
^†South Africa 1910–1931
South-West Africa¹² 1915–1931
Southern Rhodesia¹⁴ 1923–1965 and 1979–1980
Southern Nigeria 1900–1914
^†Swaziland 1893–1968
Sudan 1899–1956
Tanganyika¹³ 1922–1961
Transvaal 1900–1910
Tristan da Cunha²³ since 1816
^†Uganda 1890–1962
Zanzibar 1890–1963
Zululand 1887–1897

¹²Now ^†Namibia
¹³League of Nations mandate. British Cameroons is now part of ^†Cameroon, while Tanganyika is part of ^†Tanzania.
¹⁴Self-governing Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965 (as Rhodesia) and continued as an unrecognised state until the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
¹⁵Now ^†Zambia

Asia

Aden Colony 1839–1967
Afghanistan 1839–1842
- Protectorate 1879–1919
Bencoolen 1685–1824
Banka and Billiton 1812–1824
Bengal 1757–1947
Bhutan (protectorate) 1907–1949
Borneo 1874–1963
British Indian Ocean Territory since 1965 (before as part of Mauritius and Seychelles)²⁶
Burma 1824–1948
^†Brunei 1888–1984
^†Ceylon 1795–1948
^†Cyprus 1878–1960
Hong Kong 1841–1997
^†India¹⁸ 1858–1947
Java 1811–1816
Kuwait 1918–1961
Labuan 1848–1946
Malaya 1819–1826
- Federated States 1895–1946
- Unfederated States 1885–1946
- Union 1946–1948
- Federation 1948–1957
^†Maldives 1796–1965
Manila and Cavite 1762–1764
Mesopotamia¹⁹ 1920–1932
Muscat and Oman 1891–1971
North Borneo 1882–1963
- Crown Colony 1946–1963
Padang 1781–1784 and 1795–1819
Palestine¹⁹ 1923–1948
Penang 1786–1946
Pulo Condore 1702–1705
Sarawak 1841–1946
- Crown Colony 1946–1963
^†Singapore 1946–1963
South Vietnam 1945–1946
Straits Settlements 1826–1946
Transjordan 1921–1946
Trucial States 1892–1971
Weihai 1898–1930

¹⁸Now ^†India, ^†Pakistan and ^†Bangladesh
¹⁹League of Nations mandate. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
²⁶Legitimacy of territorial establishment disputed

North America

Anguilla since 1650
*Antigua 1632–1860
*Antigua and Barbuda 1860–1981
^†*Bahamas 1670–1973
^†Barbados 1624–1966
Bay Islands 1643–1860
^†*Belize 1871–1981
Bermuda since 1619
British Arctic Territories 16th c.–1880
British Columbia 1858–1866
- 1866–1871
Cape Breton Island 1754–1820
^†Dominica 1763–1978
East Florida 1763–1783
^†*Grenada 1762–1974
^†*Canada
- Lower 1791–1841
- Upper 1791–1841
- Province 1841–1867
- Dominion 1867–1931
Carolina 1663–1712
Cayman Islands since 1670
Columbia District/Oregon Country 1818–1846
Connecticut 1636–1776
Delaware 1701–1776
East Jersey 1674–1702
Georgia 1733–1776
^†*Jamaica 1655–1962
Leeward Islands 1671–1816, 1833–1960
MassachusettsBay 1629–1691
- Province, 1691–1776
Maryland 1632–1776
Montserrat since 1632
Mosquito Coast 1655–1860
Nevis 1628–1983
New Albion 1579
New Brunswick 1784–1867
New England 1686–1689
New Hampshire 1680–1776
New Haven 1637–1662
New Jersey 1665–1674 and 1702–1776
New York 1664–1776
Newfoundland 1907–1949
Newfoundland and Labrador 1583–1907
North Carolina 1712–1776
North-Western Territory 1859–1870
Nova Scotia 1713–1867
Paulet affair 1843
Prince Edward Island 1763–1873
Pennsylvania 1681–1776
Plymouth 1620–1691
Quebec 1763–1791* Queen Charlotte Islands 1853–1863
Rhode Island 1636–1776
Rupert's Land 1670–1870
Saint Croix 1625–1650
Saint Kitts 1623–1983
^†*Saint Kitts and Nevis 1882–1983
^†*Saint Lucia 1605–1979
^†*Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1627–1979
Saybrook 1635–1644
South Carolina 1712–1776
Stickeen 1862–1863
^†Trinidad and Tobago 1889–1962
Turks and Caicos Islands since 1799
Vancouver Island 1849–1866
Virgin Islands since 1666
Virginia 1607–1776
West Florida 1763–1783
West Indies Federation 1958–1962
- Associated States 1967–1983
West Jersey 1674–1702
Windward Islands 1833–1960

Oceania

18th and 19th centuries

20th century

New South Wales 1788–1901
Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 1803–1901
Auckland Islands²⁰ 1807–1863
New Hebrides²¹ 1824–1980
Queensland 1824–1901
Swan River/Western Australia 1829–1901
South Australia 1836–1901
Pitcairn Islands since 1838
New Zealand 1841–1907
North Australia 1846–1847
Victoria 1851–1901
^†Fiji 1874–1970
Western Pacific Territories 1877–1976
Papua 1884–1902
Rarotonga/Cook Islands²⁰ 1888–1901
Union Islands²⁰ 1889–1948
Gilbert and Ellice Islands²² 1892–1979
^†*Solomon Islands 1893–1978

^†Tonga 1900–1970
Niue²⁰ 1900–1974
^†*Australia 1901–1942
^†*New Zealand 1907–1947
^†Samoa 1914–1962
^†Nauru 1919–1942 and 1945–1968

²⁰Now part of the ^†Realm of New Zealand
²¹Now ^†Vanuatu
²²Now ^†Kiribati and ^†*Tuvalu

South America
Providence Island 1631–1641 Willoughbyland 1651–1667 Saint Andrew and Providence Islands⁴ 1670–1688 ^†Guiana 1831–1966 Falkland Islands⁵ since 1833 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands⁵ since 1908
⁴Now a department of Colombia ⁵Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982.

Antarctica and the South Atlantic

Saint Helena²³ since 1658
Ascension Island²³ since 1815
Tristan da Cunha²³ since 1816
Falkland Islands since 1833
^†Australian Antarctic Territory (transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia) 1841–1933
^†Ross Dependency (transferred to the Realm of New Zealand) 1841–1947
British Antarctic Territory²⁴ since 1908
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands²⁵ since 1908

²³Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
²⁴Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the Antarctic Treaty.
²⁵Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985

Governors, civil commissioners and administrators of British dependencies

Crown
Dependencies

Overseas
territories

former
(Africa)

former
(Americas)

former
(Asia)

Governor of Aden
Governor of Burma
Governor of Ceylon
High Commissioner for the Federated Malay States
- Senior British representatives in the constituent protected states
- Senior British representatives in the neighbouring Malayan protected states
Governor of Hong Kong
Viceroy and Governor-General of India
- Heads of the provinces of British India
- Senior British representatives in neighbouring protected states
  - Resident of Gwalior
High Commissioner for Iraq
Governor of Labuan
Representative in Muscat and Oman
High Commissioner for Malaya
Governor of the Malayan Union
Governor of North Borneo
Resident Minister in Nepal
High Commissioners for Palestine and Transjordan
Governor of Penang
Representative in the Raj of Sarawak
Governor of the Crown Colony of Sarawak
Governor of Singapore
Representative in the Trucial States

former
(Europe)

former
(Oceania)

former (Australia)	Governor-General of Australia Government Resident of Central Australia Governor of New South Wales Government Resident of North Australia Governor of Queensland Governor of South Australia Governor of Tasmania Governor of Victoria Governor of Western Australia Lieutenant Governor of the Swan River Colony