Chandi Prasad Bhatt
Chandi Prasad Bhatt | |
---|---|
Born | (1934-06-23) 23 June 1934 (age 90) Gopeshwar, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India |
Nationality | Indian |
Occupation(s) | Environmentalist and social activist |
Years active | 1960–present |
Movement | Chipko Movement |
Parent(s) | Ganga Ram Bhatt (father) Maheshi Devi Thapliyal (mother) |
Awards | Ramon Magsaysay Award (1982) Padma Bhushan (2005) Gandhi Peace Prize (2013) |
Chandi Prasad Bhatt (born 23 June 1934) is an Indian environmentalist and social activist, who founded Dasholi Gram Swarajya Sangh (DGSS) in Gopeshwar in 1964, which later became a mother-organization to the Chipko Movement, in which he was one of the pioneers. For his work Bhatt was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1982, followed by the Padma Bhushan in 2005.[1]
Today he is known for his work on subaltern social ecology, and considered one of India's first modern environmentalist.[2]
In 2013, he was the recipient of the Gandhi Peace Prize.[3][4][5]
Early life
Chandi Prasad Bhatt was born on 23 June 1934, as the second child of Ganga Ram Bhatt and Maheshi Devi Thapliyal, in a family of priests to the Rudranath Temple in Gopeshwar, one of the Panch Kedar, the five Himalayan temples dedicated to Shiva, the most venerated amongst them being the Kedarnath Temple.[1] His father, who was a farmer as well as a priest at the famous Shiva temple at Gopeshwar and the Rudranath temple, died when Chandi Prasad was still an infant and he was raised thereafter by his mother, in Gopeshwar, Chamoli District of Uttarakhand in India, which was then still a very small village. He did his schooling in Rudraprayag and Pauri, but stopped before he could receive a degree.[6]
Career
Farmland was scarce in the overpopulated mountains, and so were jobs. Like most men of the mountain villages, Chandi Prasad taught art to children for a year to support his mother, before eventually forced to work in the plains. He joined the Garhwal Motor Owners Union (GMOU) as a booking clerk, posted at various places including, Rishikesh, Pipalkoti and Karnaprayag.
In 1956, Bhatt found hope when he heard a speech by the Gandhian leader Jayaprakash Narayan, who was on a tour of the area. Bhatt and other young people launched themselves into the Sarvodaya movement and Gandhian campaigns, of Bhoodan and Gramdan and organising villages for economic development and fighting liquor abuse throughout the Uttarakhand.[7]
In 1960, he left his job at GMOU, to commit full-time to his Sarvodaya activities, and by 1964, Bhatt had instituted the Dasholi Gram Swarajya Mandal (Society for Village Self-Rule) to organise fellow villagers in Gopeshwar for employment near their homes in forest-based industries, making wooden implements from ash trees and gathering and marketing herbs for ayurvedic medicine-and to combat vice and exploitation.
Curtailment of the villagers' legitimate rights to trees and forest products in favour of outside commercial interests enabled Bhatt, in 1973, to mobilise the forest-wise society members and villagers into the collective Chipko Andolan (Hug the Trees Movement) to force revision of forest policies dating from 1917. Women, who regularly walk three to five miles to the forest to gather and carry home fuel and fodder on their backs, took the lead. True to the movement's non-violent philosophy, these women embraced the trees to restrict their felling.[8] Establishment of "eco-development camps" brought villagers together to discuss their needs within the context of the ecological balance of the forest. Stabilizing slopes by building rock retaining walls, the campers planted trees started in their own village nurseries. While less than one-third of the trees set out by government foresters survived, up to 88 percent of the villager-planted trees grew.
In 1974 he and his colleagues led a movement to save the cultural and archaeological heritage of the Badrinath shrine.[9]
Bhatt and his society colleagues have been helped by sympathetic scientists, officials and college students. Yet theirs is essentially an indigenous movement of mountain villagers, and Chipko Andolan has become an instrument of action and education for members, officials and outsiders, in the realities of effective resource conservation.
Although Bhatt has attended meetings in lowland India and abroad as a spokesman for Chipko, he has remained a man of his community. He and his wife continue to live the simple life of their Himalayan neighbours. In the process he has become knowledgeable and productive in helping ensure his peoples' hard won living. In 2003, he was appointed a member of the 'National Forest Commission', which reviewed all existing policies and legal frameworks relating to forest management, and submitted its report to the Government in 2005.[10]His active participation at BIPARD Gaya for 2nd CFC's on 15 th of March 2024.
Publications
(Selected Books)
- Gentle Resistance: The Autobiography of Chandi Prasad Bhatt [1]
- Gudgudi ek samajik karyakarta ki jeewangatha :[2]
- Parvat Parvat, Basti Basti — Publisher NBT India
- Pratikar Ke Ankur (Hindi)
- Adhure Gyan Aur Kalpanik Vishwas Par Himalaya Se Chherkhani Ghatak (Hindi)
- Future of Large Projects in the Himalaya
- Eco-system of Central Himalaya
- Chipko Experience
Awards and honours
- 1982: Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership[11]
- 2005: Padma Bhushan
- 2013: Awarded Gandhi Peace Prize for the year 2013 on 15 July 2014 by The President of India[4][12]
- 2016: Sri Sathya Sai Award for Human Excellence in the Environment category by Sri Sathya Sai Lok Seva Trust[13]
- 2017/2018: Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration[14]
References
- ^ a b A Gandhian in Garhwal[usurped] The Hindu, Sunday, 2 June 2002.
- ^ A clutch of crusaders across India are ready to stake their reputations and devote their lives to saving the environment.. The Times of India, 22 September 2002.
- ^ ..the first modern Indian environmentalist, and also to being the greatest... Ramchandra Guha, The Telegraph, 4 September 2004.
- ^ a b "Untitled Page".
- ^ "The President of India".
- ^ BIOGRAPHY of Chandi Prasad Bhatt Archived 5 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine The 1982 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership.
- ^ Chandi Prasad Bhatt Gandhi today: a report on Mahatma Gandhi's successors, by Mark Shepard. Published by Shepard Publications, 1987. ISBN 0-938497-04-9. Page 65.
- ^ Pathak, Shekhar. "gaura-devi-a-leading-lady-of-chipko-movement-2/". Retrieved 2 September 2011.
- ^ "The forgotten story of how Chipko Andolan pioneer Chandi Prasad Bhatt saved Badrinath temple". Scroll. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
- ^ Justice Kirpal to head National Forest Commission The Times of India, 21 February 2003.
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20130401090233/http://www.rmaf.org.ph/Awardees/Citation/CitationBhattCha.htm Citation for the 1982 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership
- ^ "President presents Gandhi Peace Prize to Chandi Prasad Bhatt". 15 July 2014.
- ^ "Sri Sathya Sai Awards for Human Excellence conferred on seven people | News - Times of India Videos". The Times of India.
- ^ UNDP Global 500 Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership 1982 Padma Shri 1986 govind ballabh pant Vishwavidyalaya dwara dr of science ki upadhi Padma Bhushan 2005
External links
- "A Gandhian in Garhwal" by Ramachandra Guha, The Hindu, 2 June 2002
- Hug the Trees! by Mark Shepard
- Citation for the 1982 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership and response
- Website of the Nanda Devi Campaign, the successor to the Chipko Movement
- The Chipko Movement Archived 21 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- v
- t
- e
- Mary Clubwala Jadhav (1955)
- R. S. Subbalakshmi (1958)
- Sailabala Das (1959)
- Lakshman Singh Jangpangi (1959)
- Nanabhai Bhatt (1960)
- Bina Das (1960)
- Sophia Wadia (1960)
- Kamalabai Hospet (1961)
- Mithuben Petit (1961)
- N. Ramaswami Ayyar (1962)
- Mother Teresa (1962)
- Brij Krishna Chandiwala (1963)
- Leela Sumant Moolgaokar (1963)
- Leela Sumant Moolgaokar (1963)
- Ambujammal (1964)
- Mona Chandravati Gupta (1965)
- Lakshmi Mazumdar (1965)
- Gordhandas Bhagwandas Narottamdas (1965)
- John Richardson (1965)
- Manibhai Desai (1968)
- Bhaurao Gaikwad (1968)
- Shalini Moghe (1968)
- Sis Ram Ola (1968)
- Kalyan Singh Gupta (1969)
- Mangru Ganu Uikey (1969)
- Indumati Chimanlal Sheth (1970)
- Maniben Kara (1970)
- Baba Amte (1971)
- Robin Banerjee (1971)
- Lila Ramkumar Bhargava (1971)
- Savita Behen (1971)
- Pandurang Dharmaji Jadhav (1971)
- Yudhvir Singh (1971)
- Avabai Bomanji Wadia (1971)
- Badri Prasad Bajoria (1972)
- Kanta Saroop Krishen (1972)
- Iyyanki Venkata Ramanayya (1972)
- Chandraprabha Saikiani (1972)
- Sarojini Varadappan (1973)
- Queenie H. C. Captain (1974)
- L. Kijungluba Ao (1976)
- Bishambhar Nath Pande (1976)
- Ismail Ahmed Cachalia (1977)
- Dhani Prem (1977)
- Kunwar Singh Negi (1981)
- Bhagat Puran Singh (1981)
- Claire Vellut (1981)
- Swami Kalyandev (1982)
- Shiv Dutt Upadhyaya (1982)
- M. P. Nachimuthu (1983)
- Omem Moyong Deori (1984)
- Zainulabedin Gulamhusain Rangoonwala (1984)
- Ela Bhatt (1985)
- Ratnappa Kumbhar (1985)
- Anutai Wagh (1985)
- Chandi Prasad Bhatt (1986)
- Mahasweta Devi (1986)
- Krishan Dev Dewan (1986)
- Tushar Kanjilal (1986)
- Avdhash Kaushal (1986)
- Narayan Singh Manaklao (1986)
- Bunker Roy (1986)
- Begum Zaffar Ali (1987)
- Jaya Arunachalam (1987)
- Darshan Singh Vohra (1988)
- Mithu Alur (1989)
- Vedaratnam Appakutti (1989)
- Rajmohini Devi (1989)
- Krishnammal Jagannathan (1989)
- Mag Raj Jain (1989)
- Edward Kutchat (1989)
- Anna Hazare (1990)
- Renana Jhabvala (1990)
- Silverine Swer (1990)
- Silverine Swer (1991)
- Vimla Dang (1991)
- T. G. K. Menon (1991)
- Jagdish Kashibhai Patel (1991)
- D. Y. Patil (1991)
- Sundaram Ramakrishnan (1991)
- Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti (1991)
- Shanthi Ranganathan (1992)
- Vidyaben Shah (1992)
- Leonarda Angela Casiraghi (1998)
- Antony Padiyara (1998)
- Shantha Sinha (1998)
- Kanta Tyagi (1998)
- Acharya Ramamurti (1999)
- T. Sailo (1999)
- Natwar Thakkar (1999)
- Neidonuo Angami (2000)
- Jagan Nath Kaul (2000)
- Patricia Mukhim (2000)
- Janaky Athi Nahappan (2000)
- Hanumappa Sudarshan (2000)
- Rabindra Nath Upadhyay (2000)
- Tulasi Munda (2001)
- Norma Alvares (2002)
- Prakash Amte (2002)
- Kiran Martin (2002)
- Prema Narendra Purao (2002)
- Sivananda Rajaram (2002)
- Verna Elizabeth Watre Ingty (2003)
- Queenie Rynjah (2004)
- Hema Bharali (2005)
- Nana Chudasama (2005)
- Lalsawma (2005)
- Theilin Phanbuh (2005)
- Gladys Staines (2005)
- Suwalal Bafna (2006)
- Anil Prakash Joshi (2006)
- Sudha Murty (2006)
- Sudha Varghese (2006)
- Melhupra Vero (2006)
- Runa Banerjee (2007)
- S. M. Cyril (2007)
- M. A. Yusuff Ali (2008)
- Sheela Borthakur (2008)
- Karuna Mary Braganza (2008)
- V. R. Gowrishankar (2008)
- Kshama Metre (2008)
- Kutikuppala Surya Rao (2008)
- Madan Mohan Sabharwal (2008)
- Vikramjit Singh Sahney (2008)
- Bilkees Latif (2009)
- Keepu Tsering Lepcha (2009)
- C. K. Menon (2009)
- Joseph H. Pereira (2009)
- Sunil Kanti Roy (2009)
- Mitraniketan Viswanathan (2009)
- Anu Aga (2010)
- J. R. Gangaramani (2010)
- Deep Joshi (2010)
- Sudha Kaul (2010)
- Ayekpam Tomba Meetei (2010)
- Kurian John Melamparambil (2010)
- Sudhir M. Parikh (2010)
- Kranti Shah (2010)
- Baba Sewa Singh (2010)
- Mamraj Agrawal (2011)
- Jockin Arputham (2011)
- Nomita Chandy (2011)
- Martha Chen (2011)
- Azad Moopen (2011)
- Sheela Patel (2011)
- Anita Reddy (2011)
- Kanubhai Hasmukhbhai Tailor (2011)
- Shamshad Begum (2012)
- Reeta Devi (2012)
- P. K. Gopal (2012)
- G. Muniratnam (2012)
- Niranjan Pranshankar Pandya (2012)
- Uma Tuli (2012)
- S. P. Varma (2012)
- Phoolbasan Bai Yadav (2012)
- Binny Yanga (2012)
- Jharna Dhara Chowdhury (2013)
- S. K. M. Maeilanandhan (2013)
- Nileema Mishra (2013)
- Reema Nanavati (2013)
- Manju Bharat Ram (2013)
- Narendra Dabholkar (2014)
- Mukul Chandra Goswami (2014)
- Durga Jain (2014)
- J. L. Kaul (2014)
- Mathur Savani (2014)
- Ashok Bhagat (2015)
- Janak Palta McGilligan (2015)
- Meetha Lal Mehta (2015)
- Veerendra Raj Mehta (2015)
- Bimla Poddar (2015)
- Madeleine Herman de Blic (2016)
- Madhu Pandit Dasa (2016)
- Ajoy Kumar Dutta (2016)
- Damal Kandalai Srinivasan (2016)
- Sunitha Krishnan (2016)
- Sundar Menon (2016)
- Arunachalam Muruganantham (2016)
- P. Gopinathan Nair (2016)
- Sudharak Olwe (2016)
- Girish Bharadwaj (2017)
- Appasaheb Dharmadhikari (2017)
- Bipin Ganatra (2017)
- Karimul Haque (2017)
- Anuradha Koirala (2017)
- Suhas Vitthal Mapuskar (2017)
- Daripalli Ramaiah (2017)
- Balbir Singh Seechewal (2017)
- Damodar Ganesh Bapat (2018)
- Sitavva Joddati (2018)
- Subhasini Mistry (2018)
- Sulagitti Narasamma (2018)
- Abdullah Bin Othman (2018)
- Sampat Ramteke (2018)
- Draupadi Ghimiray (2019)
- Bulu Imam (2019)
- Friederike Irina Bruning (2019)
- Chinna Pillai (2019)
- Shabbir Sayyad (2019)
- Jyoti Kumar Sinha (2019)
- Saalumarada Thimmakka (2019)
- Jamuna Tudu (2019)
- Muktaben Pankajkumar Dagli (2019)
- Jagdish Lal Ahuja (2020)
- Popatrao Baguji Pawar (2020)
- Usha Chaumar (2020)
- Lia Diskin (2020)
- Sangkhumi Bualchhuak (2020
- Tulsi Gowda (2020)
- Harekala Hajabba (2020)
- Tetsu Nakamura (2020)
- S. Ramakrishnan (2020)
- Sayed Mehboob Shah Qadri (2020)
- Mohammed Sharif (2020)
- Ramjee Singh (2020)
- Agus Indra Udayana (2020)
- Sundaram Verma (2020)
- Sindhutai Sapkal (2021)
- Girish Prabhune (2021)
- Prabhaben Shah (2022)
- Savaji Bhai Dholakia (2022)
- Gamit Ramilaben Raysingbhai (2022)
- Om Prakash Gandhi (2022)
- K V Rabiya (2022)
- Srimad Baba Balia (2022)
- Prem Singh (2022)
- Baba Iqbal Singh Ji (2022)
- S Damodaran (2022)
- Basanti Devi (2022)
- Bhiku Ramji Idate (2023)
- Bikram Bahadur Jamatia (2023)
- Ramkuiwangbe Jeme Newme (2023)
- Hirabai Lobi (2023)
- Moolchand Lodha (2023)
- Gajanan Jagannath Mane (2023)
- Uma Shankar Pandey (2023)
- V. P. Appukutta Poduval (2023)
- Vadivel Gopal and Masi Sadaiyan (2023)
- Sankurathri Chandra Sekhar (2023)
- Laxman Singh (2023)
- Palam Kalyana Sundaram (2023)
- Karma Wangchu (Posthumous) (2023)
- Sangthankima (2024)