Candareen
Traditional Asian unit of mass
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A candareen (/kændəˈriːn/;[1] Chinese: 分; pinyin: fēn; Cantonese Yale: fàn;[2] Singapore English usage: hoon[3]) is a traditional measurement of weight in East Asia. It is equal to 10 cash and is 1⁄10 of a mace. It is approximately 378 milligrams. A troy candareen is approximately 374 milligrams (5.77 gr).
In Hong Kong, one candareen is 0.3779936375 grams[2] and, in the Weights and Measures Ordinance, it is 2⁄150 ounces avoirdupois. In Singapore, one candareen is 0.377994 grams.[3]
The word candareen comes from the Malay kandūri.[1] An earlier English form of the name was condrin.[1] The candareen was also formerly used to describe a unit of currency in imperial China equal to 10 li (釐) and is 1⁄10 of a mace. The Mandarin Chinese word fēn is used to denote 1⁄100 of a Chinese renminbi yuan but the term candareen for that currency is now obsolete.
Postal denomination
On 1 May 1878 the Imperial Maritime Customs was opened to the public and China's first postage stamps, the "Large Dragons" (Chinese: 大龍郵票; pinyin: dài lóng yóupiào), were issued to handle payment. The stamps were inscribed "CHINA" in both Latin and Chinese characters, and denominated in candareens.[4]
See also
- Postage stamps and postal history of China#Imperial China
- Chinese units of measurement
- Economy of China
- Economic history of China (Pre-1911)
- Economic history of China (1912–1949)
References
- ^ a b c "Candareen". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) Accessed from OED Online.
- ^ a b "Weights and Measures Ordinance". Laws of Hong Kong.
- ^ a b "Weights and Measures Act (CHAPTER 349) Third Schedule". Singapore Statutes. Archived from the original on 2017-08-20. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
- ^ Institute of Chinese Studies, University of Heidelberg, Germany: Shelfmark: HE6185.C55 T33 1989|title: 大龍郵票與清代郵史 / 中國郵票博物館 編 Ta-lung yu-p'iao yü Ch'ing-tai yu-shih / Chung-kuo yu-p'iao po-wu-kuan pien |Published: 香港 : 商務印書館 Hsiang-kang : Shang-wu yin-shu-kuan, 1989 |Description: 212 p.: col. ill.|ISBN 978-962-07-5077-9 |Language: chi.; eng.|Corp. body: 中國郵票博物館 Chung-kuo yu-p'iao po-wu-kuan|Parallel Title: A picture album of The Large Dragon Stamps and the postal history of the Qing Dynasty|Subjects: Postage-stamps - China - History
Look up candareen or hoon in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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Currency units of China
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| Gold Ying Yuan coins (Chu state) |
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- 1 String of cash coins (貫 / 索 / 緡) ≈ 1000 Quan (泉)
- 1 String of cash coins (貫 / 索 / 緡) ≈ 1000 Qian (錢)
- 1 String of cash coins (貫 / 索 / 緡) ≈ 1000 cash (文)
- 1 String of cash coins (貫 / 索 / 緡) ≈ 1000 cash (文)
- 1 (Song official) short string (貫 / 索 / 緡) = 770 cash (文)
- 1 Guan (貫) ≈ 1000 cash (文)
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| Silver (weights based) |
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| Silver (standardised coinage) |
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- 1 yuan (元 / 圓) = 10 jiao or hou (角 / 毫) = 100 fen or sin (分 / 仙) = cash 1000 (釐 / 文)
- 1 Customs gold unit (關金圓) = 100 cents (關金分)
- 1 yuan (圓) = 10 jiao (角) = 100 fen (分) = li 1000 (釐)
- 1 yuan (圓) = 10 jiao (角) = 100 fen (分)
- 1 yuan (圓) = 10 jiao (角) = 100 fen (分)
- 1 dollar (圓) = 10 dime (角) = 100 cents (分)
- 1 pataca (圓) = 10 ho (毫) = 100 avos (仙)
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