Caliban upon Setebos
Caliban upon Setebos is a poem written by the British poet Robert Browning and published in his 1864 Dramatis Personae collection.[1] It deals with Caliban, a character from Shakespeare's The Tempest, and his reflections on Setebos, the brutal god believed in by himself and his late mother Sycorax. Some scholars see Browning as being of the belief that God is in the eye of the beholder, and this is emphasized by a barbaric character believing in a barbaric god.[2] An offshoot of this interpretation is the argument that Browning is applying evolutionary theory to religious development.[3] Others feel that he was satirizing theologians of his time, who attempted to understand God as a reflection of themselves; this theory is supported by the epigraph, Psalm 50:21, "Thou thoughtest that I was altogether such a one as thyself." This could be taken as God mocking Caliban (and Browning's contemporaries) for their methods of attempting to understand Him.[a]
Excerpt
The poem begins (text in [brackets]) with a brief narration, but quickly moves to Caliban's monologue, in which he contemplates his god:
['Will sprawl, now that the heat of day is best,
Flat on his belly in the pit's much mire,
With elbows wide, fists clenched to prop his chin.
...
And talks to his own self, howe'er he please,
Touching that other, whom his dam called God.]
...
Setebos, Setebos, and Setebos!
'Thinketh, He dwelleth i' the cold o' the moon.
'Thinketh He made it, with the sun to match,
But not the stars; the stars came otherwise;
Only made clouds, winds, meteors, such as that:
Also this isle, what lives and grows thereon,
And snaky sea which rounds and ends the same.[4]— Lines 1-3, 15-16, 24-30
Notes
- ^ See note at the bottom of "Caliban upon Setebos | Representative Poetry Online". rpo.library.utoronto.ca. Retrieved 2016-07-21.
Citations
- ^ Tracy 1938, p. 487
- ^ Tebbetts 1984, p. 366
- ^ Tebbetts 1984, p. 367
- ^ Browning 1897, pp. 593–594.
References
- Browning, Robert (1897). The Poetical Works. Vol. 1. London: Smith Elder and Co.
- Tracy, C. R. (1938). "Caliban Upon Setebos". Studies in Philology. 35 (3): 487–499. JSTOR 4172415.
- Tebbetts, T. L. (1984). "The Question of Satire in 'Caliban Upon Setebos'". Victorian Poetry. 22 (4): 365–381. JSTOR 40003012.
External links
- Sparknote's study guide of the poem
- The text of the poem at Representative Poetry Online
- v
- t
- e
- Strafford (1837)
- Pippa Passes (1841)
- King Victor and King Charles (1842)
- The Return of the Druses (1843)
- A Blot in the 'Scutcheon (1843)
- Colombe's Birthday (1844)
- Luria (1846)
- A Soul's Tragedy (1846)
- In a Balcony (1855)
and poems
- Pauline: A Fragment of a Confession (1833)
- Paracelsus (1835)
- "Porphyria's Lover" (1836)
- "Johannes Agricola in Meditation" (1836)
- Sordello (1840)
- Dramatic Lyrics (1842, "My Last Duchess", "Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister", "Count Gismond")
- Dramatic Romances and Lyrics (1845, "Home-Thoughts, from Abroad", "How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix", "Meeting at Night", "The Laboratory", "The Lost Leader")
- Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day (1850)
- Men and Women (1855, "Love Among the Ruins", "Evelyn Hope", "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came", "Andrea del Sarto", "Fra Lippo Lippi", "A Toccata of Galuppi's")
- Dramatis Personæ (1864, "Rabbi ben Ezra", "Caliban upon Setebos")
- The Ring and the Book (1868–9)
- Balaustion's Adventure (1871)
- Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society (1871)
- Fifine at the Fair (1872)
- Red Cotton Night-Cap Country (1873)
- Aristophanes' Apology (1875)
- The Inn Album (1875)
- Pacchiarotto, and How He Worked in Distemper (1876)
- The Agamemnon of Aeschylus (1877)
- La Saisiaz and The Two Poets of Croisic (1878)
- Dramatic Idyls (1879, 1880)
- Jocoseria (1883)
- Ferishtah's Fancies (1884)
- Parleyings with Certain People of Importance in Their Day (1887)
- Asolando (1889)
- Elizabeth Barrett Browning (wife)
- Robert Barrett Browning (son)
- Casa Guidi