Asset and liability management

Asset and liability management (often abbreviated ALM) is the practice of managing financial risks that arise due to mismatches between the assets and liabilities as part of an investment strategy in financial accounting.

ALM sits between risk management and strategic planning. It is focused on a long-term perspective rather than mitigating immediate risks and is a process of maximising assets to meet complex liabilities that may increase profitability.

ALM includes the allocation and management of assets, equity, interest rate and credit risk management including risk overlays, and the calibration of company-wide tools within these risk frameworks for optimisation and management in the local regulatory and capital environment.

Often an ALM approach passively matches assets against liabilities (fully hedged) and leaves surplus to be actively managed.

The exact roles and perimeter around ALM can vary significantly from one bank (or other financial institutions) to another depending on the business model adopted and can encompass a broad area of risks. Traditional ALM programs focus on interest rate risk and liquidity risk because they represent the most prominent risks affecting the organization balance-sheet (as they require coordination between assets and liabilities).^[1]

See also

• Financial risk management § Corporate finance
• Treasury management
• Liquidity risk
• Interest rate risk
• Liquidity at risk
• Earnings at risk
• Cash flow at risk

References

• Crockford, Neil (1986). An Introduction to Risk Management (2nd ed.). Woodhead-Faulkner. 0-85941-332-2.
• Van Deventer, Imai and Mesler (2004), chapter 2
• Moorad Choudhry (2007). Bank Asset and Liability Management - Strategy, Trading, Analysis. Wiley Finance.

External links

• Society of Actuaries Professional Actuarial Specialty Guide describing Asset Liability Management
• Asset-Liability Management by riskglossary.com
• Asset - Liability Management System in banks - Guidelines Reserve Bank of India
• Asset-liability Management: Issues and trends, R. Vaidyanathan, ASCI Journal of Management 29(1). 39-48
• Price Waterhouse Coopers Status of balance sheet management practices among international banks 2009
• Bank for International Settlements Principles for the management and supervision of interest rate risk - final document
• Bank for International Settlements Basel III: The Liquidity Coverage Ratio and liquidity risk monitoring tools