Abd al-Salam Shah
ʿAbd al-Salām Shāh (Arabic: عبد السلام شاه; died 1493/4) was the 33rd imam of the Qasim-Shahi branch of the Nizari Isma'ili community.
Life
Originally named Mahmud, he reportedly received the honorific name 'Abd al-Salam' (lit. 'Servant of Peace') from his father, al-Mustansir Billah II, on account of the wisdom he displayed.[1] An epistle of a contemporary poet mentions that he was also known as 'Salam Allah'.[1]
He succeeded his father upon the latter's death c. 1480, at Anjudan. According to oral Nizari tradition, he died in 1493/4 and was succeeded by his son, Gharib Mirza.[2] Like his father, he tried to persuade the Nizari communities of the rival Muhammad-Shahi branch in Badakhshan and Afghanistan to recognize his leadership.[3]
Works
A number of writings are attributed to him:
- Most famously, an oft-repeated ode addressed to the 'seekers of [spiritual] union', i.e. those seeking after the divine gnosis of God. According to Abd al-Salam Shah, this is achievable only through complete submission to the will and guidance of the Imam, who alone is privy to the hidden, esoteric truths of the Quran.[4]
- Panj Sukhan kih Hadrat-i Shah Islam farmuda and ('Five Discourses Uttered by Shah Islam'), a brief essay on the moral and ritual obligations of the faithful.[5]
- Farman-i Shah Abd al-Salam ('Decree of the Imam Abd al-Salam'), written in 1490 and addressed, according to Vladimir Ivanov, to the Muhammad-Shahi followers in Badakhshan and Kabul.[6] According to Shafique Virani, this is the "only known Qasimshahi source explicitly testifying to a rivalry between the two lines" of Nizari imams, but its current whereabouts are unknown.[6]
- Bandi az Shah Abd al-Salam Shah Mustansir bi'llah ('A Poem of Shah Abd al-Salam [ibn] Shah Mustansitr bi'llah'), which may be the same as the ode to the 'seekers of union'.[6]
References
- ^ a b Virani 2007, p. 120.
- ^ Daftary 2007, p. 423.
- ^ Daftary 2007, p. 433.
- ^ Virani 2007, pp. 120, 168–172.
- ^ Virani 2007, pp. 120–121.
- ^ a b c Virani 2007, p. 121.
Sources
- Daftary, Farhad (2007). The Ismāʿı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines (Second ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-61636-2.
- Virani, Shafique N. (2007). The Ismailis in the Middle Ages. A History of Survival, A Search for Salvation. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-531173-0.
Abd al-Salam Shah Banu Hashim Clan of the Banu Quraish Born: ? C.E Died: 1493 C.E. | ||
Regnal titles | ||
---|---|---|
Shia Islam titles | ||
Preceded by Al-Mustansir Billah II | 33rd Imam of Nizari Isma'ilism (Qasim-Shahi line) 1480–1493/4 | Succeeded by Gharib Mirza |
- v
- t
- e
- Hasan
- Husayn
- Ali al-Sajjad
- Muhammad al-Baqir
- Ja'far al-Sadiq
- Isma'il ibn Ja'far
- Muhammad ibn Isma'il
- Abdallah (Wafi Ahmad)‡
- Ahmad (Taqi Muhammad)‡
- Husayn (Radhi Abdallah)‡
- Abdallah al-Mahdi#
- Muhammad al-Qa'im#
- Isma'il al-Mansur#
- Ma'ad al-Mu'izz#
- Nizar al-Aziz#
- Mansur al-Hakim#
- Ali al-Zahir#
- Ma'ad al-Mustansir#
- Ahmad al-Musta'li#
- Mansur al-Amir#
- Abd al-Majid al-Hafiz#
- Isma'il al-Zafir#
- Isa al-Fa'iz#
- Abdallah al-Adid#
- Dawud al-Hamid
- Sulayman Badr al-Din
- Hasan
- Husayn
- Ali al-Sajjad
- Muhammad al-Baqir
- Ja'far al-Sadiq
- Isma'il ibn Ja'far
- Muhammad ibn Isma'il
- Abdallah (Wafi Ahmad)‡
- Ahmad (Taqi Muhammad)‡
- Husayn (Radhi Abdallah)‡
- Abdallah al-Mahdi#
- Muhammad al-Qa'im#
- Isma'il al-Mansur#
- Ma'ad al-Mu'izz#
- Nizar al-Aziz#
- Mansur al-Hakim#
- Ali al-Zahir#
- Ma'ad al-Mustansir#
- Ahmad al-Musta'li#
- Mansur al-Amir#
- Abu'l-Qasim al-Tayyib‡
(Qasim-Shahi)
- Ali
- Husayn ibn Ali
- Ali al-Sajjad
- Muhammad al-Baqir
- Ja'far al-Sadiq
- Isma'il ibn Ja'far
- Muhammad ibn Isma'il
- Abdallah (Wafi Ahmad)‡
- Ahmad (Taqi Muhammad)‡
- Husayn (Radhi Abdallah)‡
- Abdallah al-Mahdi#
- al-Qa'im#
- Isma'il al-Mansur#
- Ma'ad al-Mu'izz#
- Nizar al-Aziz#
- Mansur al-Hakim#
- Ali al-Zahir#
- Ma'ad al-Mustansir#
- Nizar
- Ali al-Hadi‡
- Muhammad (I) al-Muhtadi‡
- Hasan (I) al-Qahir‡
- Hasan (II) Ala Dhikrihi's Salam
- Nur al-Din Muhammad II
- Jalal al-Din Hasan III
- Ala al-Din Muhammad III
- Rukn al-Din Khurshah
- Shams al-Din Muhammad
- Qasim Shah
- Islam Shah
- Muhammad ibn Islam Shah
- Ali Shah (al-Mustansir Billah II)
- Abd al-Salam Shah
- Gharib Mirza (al-Mustansir Billah III)
- Abu Dharr Ali
- Murad Mirza
- Khalil Allah I (Dhu'l-Faqar Ali)
- Nur al-Dahr Ali
- Khalil Allah II Ali
- Shah Nizar II
- Sayyid Ali
- Sayyid Hasan Ali
- Qasim Ali
- Abu'l-Hasan Ali
- Shah Khalil Allah III
- Aga Khan I
- Aga Khan II
- Aga Khan III
- Aga Khan IV
(Mu'mini)
- Ali
- Husayn ibn Ali
- Ali al-Sajjad
- Muhammad al-Baqir
- Ja'far al-Sadiq
- Isma'il ibn Ja'far
- Muhammad ibn Isma'il
- Abdallah (Wafi Ahmad)‡
- Ahmad (Taqi Muhammad)‡
- Husayn (Radhi Abdallah)‡
- Abdallah al-Mahdi#
- al-Qa'im#
- Isma'il al-Mansur#
- Ma'ad al-Mu'izz#
- Nizar al-Aziz#
- Mansur al-Hakim#
- Ali al-Zahir#
- Ma'ad al-Mustansir#
- Nizar
- Ali al-Hadi‡
- Muhammad (I) al-Muhtadi‡
- Hasan (I) al-Qahir‡
- Hasan II
- Nur al-Din Muhammad II
- Jalal al-Din Hasan III
- Ala al-Din Muhammad III
- Rukn al-Din Khurshah
- Shams al-Din Muhammad
- Ala al-Din Mu'min Shah
- Muhammad Shah
- Radi al-Din I
- Tahir
- Radi al-Din II
- Shah Tahir
- Haydar I
- Sadr al-Din Miuhammad
- Mu'in al-Din I
- Atiyyat Allah
- Aziz Shah
- Mu'in al-Din II
- Amir Muhammad
- Haydar II
- Amir Muhammad II‡
- § in occultation
- # Fatimid caliphs
- ‡ in concealment