1,1-Dichloroethane
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Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name 1,1-Dichloroethane | |||
Other names Ethylidene dichloride Ethylidene chloride CFC-150a 1,1-DCA Asymmetrical dichloroethane 1,1-Ethylidene dichloride Asymmetric dichloroethane | |||
Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol) |
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ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.785 | ||
KEGG |
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PubChem CID |
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InChI
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Properties | |||
Chemical formula | C2H4Cl2 | ||
Molar mass | 98.96 g/mol | ||
Appearance | colorless, oily liquid[1] | ||
Odor | chloroform-like[1] | ||
Density | 1.2 g/cm3 | ||
Melting point | −97 °C (−143 °F; 176 K) | ||
Boiling point | 57.2 °C (135.0 °F; 330.3 K) | ||
Solubility in water | 0.6%[1] | ||
Vapor pressure | 182 mmHg (20°C)[1] | ||
−57.4·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Hazards | |||
Flash point | −17 °C; 2 °F; 256 K[1] | ||
Explosive limits | 5.4–11.4%[1] | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) | TWA 100 ppm (400 mg/m3)[1] | ||
REL (Recommended) | TWA 100 ppm (400 mg/m3)[1] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) | 3000 ppm[1] | ||
Related compounds | |||
Related compounds | 1,2-Dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride); *1,1-Dichloroethene | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references |
1,1-Dichloroethane is a chlorinated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless oily liquid with a chloroform-like odor. It is not easily soluble in water, but miscible with most organic solvents.
Large volumes of 1,1-dichloroethane are manufactured, with annual production exceeding 1 million pounds in the United States. It is mainly used as a feedstock in chemical synthesis, chiefly of 1,1,1-trichloroethane. It is also used as a solvent for plastics, oils and fats, as a degreaser, as a fumigant in insecticide sprays, in halon fire extinguishers, and in cementing of rubber. It is used in manufacturing of high-vacuum resistant rubber and for extraction of temperature-sensitive substances. Thermal cracking at 400–500 °C and 10 MPa yields vinyl chloride. In the past, 1,1-dichloroethane was used as a surgical inhalational anesthetic.
Safety
1,1-dichloroethane has been on the California Proposition 65 list of known carcinogens since 1990.[2]
In the atmosphere, 1,1-dichloroethane decomposes with half-life of 62 days, chiefly by reaction of photolytically produced hydroxyl radicals.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0194". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ "1,1-Dichloroethane". California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. Retrieved 28 February 2021.
External links
- Dichloroethane and Dichloroethene on members.optushome.com.au
- ATSDR - Toxic Substances Portal
- CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards